In the clinical lecture the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered as the multiple endocrine disease associated with the disturbed function of ovaries, pancreas, adrenalcortex, the hypothalamus and the pituitarygland. The attention is drawn at the modern look at PCOS as a “diagnosis of exclusion”. There is presented information on basic theories of pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of PCOS from other hyperandrogenic conditions. The ultrasound semiotics of polycystic ovaries is reported in details. There are considered opportunities and perspectives of various modalities of therapies of PCOS.

polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian dysfunction syndrome, ultrasound criteria, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome.