Vol 7, No 2 (2020)

Reviews

Ovarian stem cells: a mini-review

Shestakova M.A., Proskurnina E.V., Fedorova M.V., Sosnova E.A.

Abstract

The discovery of germline stem cells in adult human ovaries is one of the most remarkable yet controversial findings in modern developmental biology. In the present article, a brief overview is given on ovarian stem cells’ types, origin, morphofunctional features and similarities to testicular stem cells. The physiological role of postnatal neo-oogenesis and its possible participation in the pathogenesis of some gynecological diseases are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the prospects for practical application to the discovery in reproductive medicine.

V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;7(2):60-66
pages 60-66 views

Complications of preeclampsia: etiology, pathogenesis and treatment. Hellp-syndrome (modern concepts and treatment)

Kaptil’nyy V.A., Reyshtat D.Y., Ageyev M.B.

Abstract

The review described current views on possible complications, their etiology and course. The HELLP syndrome, its definition, etiology, risk factors for its occurrence, as well as the clinical picture are described in detail. Attention is paid to diagnostic studies of HELLP syndrome, its classification is presented. The treatment, methods of anesthesia, complications and prognosis of the above syndrome are presented.

V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;7(2):67-73
pages 67-73 views

Problems of embryo implantation in women with endometrial pathology (literature review)

Ryazanova I.A., Andreeva Y.A., Labzina M.V., Abramova S.V.

Abstract

The analysis of literature data from foreign and domestic publications is carried out. The review highlights the problems of embryo implantation in women with endometrial pathology. The classification, etiology, course, adverse effect on the fertility of endometrial hyperplastic processes are considered. The stages of embryo implantation are described. Methods for diagnosing pathological processes of the endometrium are listed.

V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;7(2):74-79
pages 74-79 views

The use of echocontrast agents in ultrasound diagnosis of endometrial cancer (literature review)

Zuziyeva K.B., Mitina L.A., Vostrov A.N., Mukhtarulina S.V., Stepanov S.O., Novikova E.G.

Abstract

Current statistics demonstrate a steady increase in the incidence of cancer of the female reproductive system. This makes it necessary to improve the methods of instrumental diagnostics in order to detect the disease as early as possible and accurately determine the extent of its spread. Among the new methods of ultrasound diagnostics, the use of contrast amplification is becoming more widespread. The possibilities of this method in the diagnosis of the liver and kidneys have been well studied. In the available foreign and domestic literature, isolated works have been found on the application of this method in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. According to the results of these studies, it makes sense to continue studying the degree of effectiveness of contrast enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer.

V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;7(2):80-83
pages 80-83 views

New in violation of female reproductive function of uncertain genesis (review of literature)

Putilo A.O., Dzhibladze T.A., Grigortsevich N.Y.

Abstract

Unexplained female infertility ranks a special place in the diagnosis and selection of current treatment for a couple. High-technology medical care should provide insight into existing approaches and look for new ways are working to improve to determine the causes of infertility. This review deals with the issues of epidemiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of the unexplained female infertility. The main focus is on modern national and international data on the search for genetic causes of infertility in women with benign diseases of the uterus and miscarriage, in this regard, we submit that the contribution of our paper rests on doctors of many specialties.

V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;7(2):84-88
pages 84-88 views

Original study articles

The effect of light deprivation on functional processes in the system “mother—placenta—fetus” in case of threatening preterm birth

Botasheva T.L., Lebedenko E.Y., Mikhelson A.F., Pelipenko I.G., Vasil'eva V.V., Zheleznyakova E.V., Zavodnov O.P.

Abstract

Objective — to study the nature of uterine contractile activity, hormonal status, melatonin metabolism, blood flow in the uterine and fetal vessels, and the state of the fetus wellbeing before and after standard drug treatment and combination therapy involving the additional use of light deprivation.

Material and methods. A total of 547 women with threatening preterm birth were examined at 33–36 weeks of pregnancy. Among these, 198 pregnant women received standard therapy and 196 women received combined treatment, medical along with light deprivation. The control group consisted of 153 women with physiological pregnancy. We used cardiotocography to study the contractile activity of the uterus and the fetal cardiac rhythm, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods to study the expression of hormones (ACTH, cortisol, progesterone, estriol, placental lactogen) in the blood and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in the urine of pregnant women.

Results. It has been established that threatening preterm labor is accompanied by an increase in the level of generalized (bilateral) uterine activity, a decrease in the level of melatonin and an increase in the level of stress hormones. After using standard drug therapy, there is a suppression of any form of uterine activity, which leads to a deterioration of the fetus state in 30,2% of women, while combined therapy increases the level of melatonin, decreases the activity of stress-liberating subsystems of the mother’s body, and increases the level of right-sided uterine contractions that contribute to maintaining functional activity of the uteroplacental “pump”, contributing to the prevention of fetal distress.

Conclusions. Our studies indicate an improvement in the therapeutic effect with using light deprivation, as an additional method for tocolysis in women with the threat of premature birth.

V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;7(2):89-96
pages 89-96 views

Placental insufficiency and preeclampsia are associated with increased thrombin generation

Gribkova I.V., Koroleva N.S., Murashko A.V.

Abstract

Introduction. An urgent problem of modern medicine is the risk of thrombosis in women during pregnancy, which can cause complications in both the mother and the fetus. Currently, a relationship between thrombosis and pregnancy complications is shown. However, there are practically no studies comparing the state of the hemostatic system in women with various pathologies of pregnancy.

Purpose of the study — compare the status of the hemostatic system in pregnant women with various pregnancy complications.

Material and methods. 32 pregnant women in the 3rd trimester were examined. All women were divided into groups with various complications of pregnancy: venous insufficiency (n = 7), thrombophilia (n = 11), placental insufficiency + preeclampsia (n = 4). The comparison group included women with a physiological course of pregnancy (n = 10). In the study groups pregnant women received low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Women from the comparison group did not receive any anticoagulant therapy. A study of the status of the hemostasis system was performed using standard coagulation tests and the thrombin generation test (TGT).

Results. The indicators of the standard coagulogram for each group were within the reference values. No statistically significant differences between the groups were detected for any indicator (paired Student’s t-test, ANOVA, p > 0.05). A statistically significant increase in the parameter of TGT: endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) was shown, as well as a statistically significant decrease in the parameter of TGT: lag period (tlag) in pregnant women with placental insufficiency and preeclampsia compared with the comparison group (paired Student’s t-test, ANOVA, p < 0.05).

Conclusion. The parameters of the state of the hemostatic system in pregnant women with venous insufficiency and thrombophilia while taking a prophylactic dose of LMWH do not differ from each other and from the comparison group. ETP and the lag period of the group of pregnant women with placental insufficiency and preeclampsia significantly differ from the comparison group and other studied groups, showing a greater tendency to increased thrombosis.

V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;7(2):97-101
pages 97-101 views

The role of magnesium in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome

Ozolinya L.A., Overko A.V., Bakhodurova K.A.

Abstract

65 patients with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) participated in a clinical, laboratory, and instrumental study that included determining the level of magnesium in the blood serum, two groups of them were formed. All subjects received symptomatic therapy for PMS, but the patients of group 1 (32 people) were prescribed magnesium citrate with vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) orally for 2 months, and patients of the 2nd group (33 people) — only vitamin B2. In group 1 patients, the number of PMS symptoms significantly decreased. Patients of the 2nd group, after ineffective treatment with vitamin B2, were additionally prescribed magnesium citrate after 2 months, which led to a positive effect. As a result of treatment with magnesium citrate with vitamin B2, the frequency of symptoms such as anxiety, depression, resentment, tearfulness, and headache significantly decreased. The decrease in the frequency of other PMS symptoms was not statistically significant. There were no significant changes in the level of magnesium concentration in the blood serum.

V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;7(2):102-107
pages 102-107 views

Features of an integrated approach to the treatment of benign diseases of the mammary glands in patients with overweight

Mikhelson A.F., Plashchinskaya A.M., Lebedenko E.Y., Mikhel’son A.A.

Abstract

The increase in the incidence of benign breast diseases in women is a significant medical and social problem. The leading risk factor for this pathology is overweight. Currently, there is no individual approach to the management of overweight women, which provides a high risk of developing dysplastic changes in the mammary gland.

Objective — to substantiate the effectiveness of the comprehensive approach to the treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy in overweight patients.

Material and methods. The study included 164 women with fibrocystic mastopathy and overweight. The treatment was aimed at reducing the body weight of patients while taking the drug Indinol Forto.

Results. Over a 6-month period, we managed to normalize the quality of life indicators, reduce the body weight of patients, and the size of pathological formations in the mammary glands.

Conclusion. The comprehensive approach to the treatment of patients with benign breast diseases of the mammary gland and overweight allows us achieving positive results.

V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;7(2):108-112
pages 108-112 views


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