On the History of the Formation and Processing of the Collection of the Tibetan Texts from Khara-Khoto Kept at the IOM, RAS

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

The Tibetan manuscripts and block prints from Khara-Khoto that were passed to the Asiatic Museum with other texts brought by P.K. Kozlov from his Mongolia and Sichuan Expedition have been insufficiently studied. Their processing was initiated in the second half of the 1960s and continued in the Post-Soviet period. The collection of the Tibetan Texts from Khara-Khoto, according to our analysis, included a number of documents from other sources. Trying to understand why it took place, we looked for and found some archival documents that shed light on the history of the formation of this collection and, simultaneously, helped to clarify some general issues concerning the fate of texts brought by P.K. Kozlov from Khara-Khoto. This paper presents the results of our study of the documents found in the St. Petersburg Branch of the Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Archives of the IOM, RAS, the Russian Ethnographic Museum and the Russian Geographic Society. The description of the events is divided into two parts: the first one reconstructs the chronology of the process of transferring manuscripts and block prints of P.K. Kozlov’s Expedition to the Asiatic Museum; the second one deals with the history of the processing of the Tibetan texts from Khara- Khoto starting from the 1920s and up to present, when the contents of the collection have been critically revised. The table that reflects the current state of the Collection of the Tibetan Texts from Khara-Khoto kept at the IOM, RAS is provided in the appendix.

About the authors

Alexander V. Zorin

Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: kawi@yandex.ru
SPIN-code: 3573-8876
Russian Federation

Alla A. Sizova

Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: alla.sizova@yandex.ru
SPIN-code: 7705-4735
Russian Federation

References

  1. BOGDANOV K.M. 2010: “Tibetskie knigi iz Khara-Khoto (kollektsiia P.K. Kozlova)” [Tibetan books from Khara-Khoto (P.K. Kozlov Collection)]. Pis’mennye pamiatniki Vostoka, 2010, 2(13), 263–271.
  2. BULLETIN 1911: “Istoriko-filologicheskoe otdelenie. Zasedanie 30 marta 1911 goda” [Historico-Philological Department. The meeting held on 30 March 1911]. Izvestiia Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk [The Bulletin of the Imperial Academy of Sciences], ser. VI, vol. V, no. 9, 738–739.
  3. DUAN Yuquan 段玉泉 2010: “Xixia zang chuan “Zun sheng jing” de xia han cang dui kan yanjiu” 西夏藏传《尊胜经》的夏汉藏对勘研究 (A Comparison research on Sarvatathāgatoṣṇīṣavijaya in its Tangut, Chinese and Tibetan versions). Xixia xue 西夏学(Xixia Studies), 5, 29–37.
  4. ECANG HEISHUICHENG WENXIAN 1996–2018: Ecang Heishuicheng wenxian 俄藏黑水城文献= Heishuicheng manuscripts collected in Russia. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe 上海古籍出版社 = Shanghai Chinese Classics Publishing House, (vols. 1–6 for Chinese, 7–27 for Tangut texts).
  5. FILIPPOV M.S. 1964: Istoriia Biblioteki Akademii nauk SSSR. 1714–1964 [The history of the library of the USSR Aсademy of Sciences. 1714–1964]. Authors: S.P. Luppov, A.I. Kopanev, M.V. Kukushkina, P.V. Sokolov, V.N. Voronov, V.Ia. Khvatov. Ed. by M.S. Filippov. Moscow; Leningrad: Nauka.
  6. GORBACHEVA Z.I. and KYCHANOV E.I. 1963: Tangutskie rukopisi i ksilografy. Spisok otozhdestvlennykh i opredelennykh tangutskikh rukopisei i ksilografov kollektsii Instituta narodov Azii AN SSSR [Tangut manuscripts and xylographs. The list of identified and classified Tangut nanuscripts and xylographs from the collection of the Institute of the peoples of Asia, the USSR Academy of Sciences]. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo vostochnoi literatury.
  7. IUSUPOVA T.I. 2008: Mongolo-Sychuan’skaia ekspeditsiia P.K. Kozlova (1907–1909) i otkrytie Khara-Khoto [Р.К. Kozlov’s Mongolia and Sichuan expedition (1907–1909): the discovery of Khara-Khoto]. Rossiiskie ekspeditsii v Tsentral’nuiu Aziiu v kontse XIX — nachale XX veka [Russian expeditions to Central Asia at the Turn of the 20th century. Ed. by I.F. Popova]. St. Petersburg: Slaviia, 112–129.
  8. IUSUPOVA T.I. 2012: “Obshchee i chastnoe znachenie arkheologicheskikh otkrytii v Khara-Khoto” [The general and particular significance of the archaeological discoveries at KharaKhoto]. Tanguty v Tsentral’noi Azii: sbornik statei v chest’ 80-letiia prof. E.I. Kychanova [Tanguts in Central Asia: a collection of articles marking the 80th anniversary of prof. E.I. Kychanov]. Sost. i otv. red. I.F. Popova [Ed. by I.F. Popova]. Moscow: Vostochnaia literatura, 481–489.
  9. KAZIN V.N. 1961: “K istorii Khara-Khoto [On the history of Khara-Khoto]”. Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha [Transactions of the State Hermitage Museum], vol. V. Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha (Kul’tura i iskusstvo narodov Vostoka, 6), 273–285.
  10. KOZLOV P.K. 1923: Mongoliia i Amdo i mertvyi gorod Khara-Khoto. Ekspeditsiia IRGO v Nagornoi Azii 1907–1909 [Mongolia and Amdo and the dead city of Khara-Khoto. The expedition of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society to High Asia 1907–1909]. Moscow; Petrograd: Gosizdat.
  11. KOZLOV P.K. 1963: Russkii puteshestvennik v Tsentral’noi Azii. Izbrannye trudy. K stoletiiu so dnia rozhdeniia (1863–1963) [The Russian traveller in Central Asia. Selected works. dedicated to P.K. Kozlov’s Centenary (1863–1963)]. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo AN SSSR.
  12. KOZLOV P.K. 2015: Dnevniki Mongolo-Sychuan’skoi ekspeditsii, 1907–1909 [The diaries of the Mongolia-Sichuan expedition, 1907–1909]. Compiled and ed. by T.I. Iusupova, compiled by T.Iu. Gnatiuk; Editor-in-chief A.I. Andreev. St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriia.
  13. KOZLOV V.P. 1948: “Nauchnoe znachenie arkheologicheskikh nakhodok P.K. Kozlova” [The acientific aignificance of P.K. Kozlov’s archaeological findings]. In: Kozlov P.K. Mongoliia i Amdo i mertvyi gorod Khara-khoto [Mongolia and Amdo and the dead city
  14. of Khara-Khoto]. Moscow: OGIZ Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo geograficheskoi literatury, 9–18.
  15. KYCHANOV E.I. 1999: Katalog tangutskikh buddiiskikh pamiatnikov Instituta vostokovedeniia Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk [The catalogue of Tangut Buddhist texts kept at the Institute of Oriental Studies, the Russian Academy of Sciences]. Compiled by E.I. Kychanov; Introductory Article by T. Nishida; Ed. by Sh. Arakawa; Editor-in-chief T. Nishida. [Kyōto:] University of Kyōto.
  16. KYCHANOV E.I. 2008: “Tangutskii fond Instituta vostochnykh rukopisei Rossiiskoi Akademii nauk i ego izuchenie” [The Tangut collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts: history and study]. In: Rossiiskie ekspeditsii v Tsentral’nuiu Aziiu v kontse XIX — nachale XX veka [Russian expeditions to Central Asia at the turn of the 20th century]. Ed. by I.F. Popova. St. Petersburg: Slaviia, 130–147.
  17. LEONOV G.A. 1970: A Description of the Tibetan manuscripts and block prints of the Kharakhoro Collection of the Institute of Oriental Studies. A thesis of a 5th year student at the Faculty of Oriental Studies, Leningrad State University, the group of Tibetan Philology,
  18. G.A. Leonov [Diplom studenta 5 kursa Vostochnogo fakul’teta LGU otd. tibetskoi filologii G.A. Leonova. Opisanie tibetskikh rukopisei i ksilografov Khara-khotosskogo fonda Instituta vostokovedeniia]. Leningrad [1970]. The typescript is kept at the archives of the Department of manuscripts and documents of the IOM, RAS. Access number — Арх. 107.
  19. LIN Ying-chin 林英津 2011: “Xixia yuyi “Zun sheng jing” shiwen” 西夏语译 《尊胜经(Uṣṇīṣa Vijaya Dhāraṇī)》 釋文 (Tangut version of Uṣṇīṣa Vijaya Dhāraṇī”). Xixia xue 西 夏学 (Xixia Studies) 8, 23–61.
  20. MEN’SHIKOV L.N. 1984: Opisanie kitaiskoi chasti kollektsii iz Khara-Khoto (fond P.K. Kozlova) [The description of the Chinese part of the Khara-Khoto collection (P.K. Kozlov’s Fund)]. Supplemets Compiled by L.I. Chuguevskii. Moscow: Nauka, Glavnaia redaktsiia vostochnoi literatury.
  21. POPOVA I.F. 2011: Flug K.K. “Chao Gun-u i ego bibliografiia “Tsziun’-chzhai du shu chzhi” [Chao Gong-wu and his bibliography “Zun zhai du shu zhi”]. Introduction and Publication by I.F. Popova. Trudy vostokovedov v gody blokady Leningrada (1941–1944) [Works of the Orientalists during the siege of Leningrad (1941–1944)]. Moscow: Vostochnaia literatura, 236–285.
  22. SHEN Weirong 2010: “Reconstructing the history of Buddhism in Central Eurasia (11th–14th centuries): An Interdisciplinary and Multilingual Approach to the Khara Khoto Texts”. Edition, éditions: l’écrit au Tibet, évolution et devenir. München: Indus Verlag,
  23. –362.
  24. SHI Jinbo 史金波 2005: “Zuizao de zangwen mukeben kaolüe” 最早的藏文木刻本考略 (Brief overview of the Earliest Tibetan blockprints). Zhongguo zangxue 中国藏学 (Chinese Tibetology), no. 4 (72), 73–77.
  25. SHIRAI Satoko 白井聡子 2004: “Roshia shozō Chibetto-go shūchinhon ni tsuite” ロシア所蔵チベット語袖珍本について (1) [A Tibetan pocketbook in a Russian manuscript collection (1)]. Kyōtodaigaku gengo-gaku kenkyū 京都大学言語学研究 [Kyoto University Linguistic Research] 23, 167–190.
  26. TAKEUCHI Tsuguhito 1995: “Kh. Tib. (Kozlov 4): Contracts for the Borrowing of Barley”. Manuscripta Orientalia, vol. 1, no. 1, 49–52.
  27. TAKEUCHI Tsuguhito, IUCHI Maho 2016: Tibetan Texts from Khara-Khoto in the Stein Collection of the British Library. Tokyo: the Toyo Bunko (Studia Tibetica, no. 48) (Studies in Old Tibetan Texts from Central Asia, vol. 2).
  28. TALA et al. 2013: Zhongguo cang Heishuicheng minzu wenzi wenxian 中國藏黑水城民族字文獻 [Documents in Minority writings from Khara-khoto collected in China]. Tala, Du Jianlu, Gao Guoxiang zhubian 塔垃, 杜建录, 高国祥主编 [Ed. by Tala, Du Jianlu and
  29. Gao Guoxiang]. Tianjin 天津: Tianjin guji chubanshe 天津古籍出版社.
  30. VOROBYOVA-DESYATOVSKAYA, Margarita 1995: “Tibetan Manuscripts of the 8–11th centuries A.D. in the Manuscript Collection of the St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies”. Manuscripta Orientalia, vol. 1, no. 1, 46–48.
  31. YOSHIDA Jun’ichi, CHIMEDDORJI 吉田順一、チメドドルジ 2008: Harahoto shutsudo mongoru bunsho-no kenkyū ハラホト出土モンゴル文書の研究 = Study on the Mongolian documents found at Qaraqota. Yoshida Jun’ichi, Chimedodoruji hen 吉田順一、
  32. チメドドルジ編 [Ed. by Yoshida Jun’ichi, Chimeddorji]. Tōkyō 東京: Yūzankaku 雄山閣.
  33. ZORIN A.V. 2015: Buddiiskie ritual’nye teksty: po tibetskoi rukopisi XIII v. [Buddhist ritual texts as represented in a Tibetan manuscript from the 12th Century]. Faksimile rukopisi; transliteratsiia A.V. Zorina pri uchastii S.S. Sabrukovoi; per. s tibetskogo, vstupit. stat’ia, primech. i prilozhenie A.V. Zorina [Facsimile ed., transliteration by A.V. Zorin and S.S. Sabrukova; tr. from Tibetan, Introduction, Notes and Appendix by A.V. Zorin]. Moscow: Nauka–Vostochnaia literatura (Pamiatniki pis’mennosti Vostoka, CXLVI).

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2020 Zorin A.V., Sizova A.A.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies