Vol 15, No 7-8 (2015)

In the article the modern approaches to the understanding of the diagnosis as a form of scientific knowledge are presented in the context of interdisciplinary research. Philosophy diagnostic possibilities offered by the model of city chronotope (time-space) are justified and a typology of urban chronotopes is proposed.

Humanities Departments of specialized universities perform a dual task: humanization and humanitarian basis of sciences. The latter implies the diagnostics of time, in which, along with the philosophy, history and medicine, the technical and natural sciences are functioning.

The article presents the socio-philosophical analysis of the problem of Russian engineering education. It provides analytical information on the state of engineering in Russia. The author analyzes the factors that negatively affected the engineering activity. The main directions of innovation in engineering schools were systematized. Particular attention is paid to the philosophical aspects of comprehension of training strategies in engineering and technology.

The article describes historical background of the emergence of analytical jurisprudence. The paper presents a review of the G. Hart’s theory of law with focus on his attitude to the presence of elements of morality in the law. Hart’s teaching is opposed to the concept of Fuller, who has another point of view. The author comes to conclusion about the significant role of the discussion about the relations of morality and law in the formation of modern analytical jurisprudence as an integrative teaching, which unites all the existing theoretical legal concepts into one, and the need for analytical jurisprudence as an independent science is stated.

The article is devoted to interpretation of the phenomenon of smell as a steady dominant of national and cultural system. The author’s view on this problem is that the evaluation of smell is based on the analysis of the Russian fictional prose. Special attention is given to the search for the scientific bases of fixing of an art picture of the world by the Russian writers through the smell prism - the aromas, fragrances perceived by heroes in different meanings. In this article, the world of smells in I. Goncharov’s works is analyzed to the fullest extend and is transmitted through opposition “own” - “alien”.

The subject of this paper is the diagnostic aspect of traditional medical practices. Natural text of preliterate culture appears as semiotically heterogeneous field, endless in the variety of semantic relations. Nonliterate consciousness has developed a special culture of diagnosis and prognosis of the disease situation. The diagnosis concerns the fundamental conditions (life/death). Diseases are not initially prescribed a certain course of development. Within the natural text, a disease is a sacred and cosmic event, and one can read it only by certain signs, which defines the importance of omens. A spoken (or written) word also played a diagnostic role. The fundamental difference between traditional and scientific medicine is determined by their belonging to different types of cultural texts.

The article discusses the influence of the spiritual environment of the city on the generation of new cultural practices - graffiti and street art. The author considers the dynamics of functions of these art practices from «strategies of resistance» of 1970-s to the source of thrills and a medium of creative self-realization in our days.

The article deals with the problem of verity/authenticity of the imaginative form according to semiotic approach. The imaginative form is seen as an aesthetic sign that exists in the context of three dimensions of semiosis: semantic, syntactic and pragmatic. At the level of semantics, we discuss the plot, what is represented in the picture; at the level of syntax - the way of space organization of the canvas, the interaction of picture elements, i.e. the composition; at the level of pragmatics we consider how the pictorial image is inscribed in the reality of man and how he is able to change this reality, as far as the activity of the delineation is relevant to the subject perceiving it.

In this article the ontological and epistemological grounds for the formation of the subject of chemistry as a mature theoretical science are analyzed. It is shown that an important role in this process was played by the principle of natural philosophy of atomism and its transformation into a scientific one. The stages of the development of chemistry are associated with the identification of the internal structure of explored subject. Finishing of the formation of classical chemistry is associated with the creation of its own ontological bases and general chemical theory.

The paper discusses and analyzes the major socio-cultural features of antiquity, the Middle Ages and modern times, on the basis on which some preconditions of quality category were identified. The author defines the main essential characteristics of quality as dialectical categories. The study formulated the concept of the category of «quality» in these historical and philosophical periods.

The article offers a brief summary of the author’s study of the phenomenon of the “nones” in Russia and abroad. The growth of the number of the “nones” noted in sociological researches attracts attention of various groups of scientists, politicians, theologians, journalists. The author not only makes an attempt of theoretical generalization of the existing points of view on the “nones”, but also addresses to the problem of inaccuracies and inconsistencies in the development of the concept itself. The article highlights the lack of studies based on the method of cause-consequence analysis, and postulates the need for typological and longitudinal studies. According to the results of the author’s research based on observations, polls, analytics, monitoring of mass media and the Internet, a variant of a multilevel overlap-type classification of “nones” is offered. The classification is based on several criteria (causes and accentuations) and includes a brief description of the types and their subgroups. The author analyzes the level of socialization of these types, their capacity for the social unity and social activities, the specifics of value and aesthetic preferences.

The article investigates the problem of conceptualizing social reality in the phenomenological philosophy. In this paper the author argues that A. Schyuts, P. Berger and T. Lukman displaced the main emphasis in its understanding towards the person under the influence of phenomenology of E. Husserl. The starting point in the conceptualization of social reality in the phenomenological philosophy is constructive activities of human consciousness.

The article simulates mechanics of the transition from theory to reality; it examines the dialectics of knowledge and practice. The answer to the question about the influence is given in terms of Christian logic of paradox, which represents knowledge as acting through non-acting with the mediation of a middle term - desire. The article touches upon Hegel`s theory of truth in the contemporary deconstructed world.

This article presents a variety of social memory conceptions in the Russian philosophical paradigm of knowledge of the XIX-XX centuries. Special interpretation of social memory leads its understanding to other conceptual meanings, which are not characteristic of Western thought.

The article presents an analysis of the populist and left radical anarchist conceptions of social development in Russia in the second half of the XIX century, which are based on one dominant principle (with all their diversity of approaches to the transformation of the society) - violence.

Nowadays the phenomenon of the past takes a special place in the field of actual directions of humanitarian researches- it attracts attention of not only historians, but also culturologists, philosophers, politicians, etc. This article is devoted to the analysis of the reasons for such interest of humanitarian researchers in the phenomena of the past, memory, heritage (so-called “memory studies”). All variety of the reasons is divided into the reasons of psychological, communicative and technological, scientific and methodological, sociocultural, political and ideological type.