Prospects for studying kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in case of infectious pathology (literature review)

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Abstract

Current article, basing on a literature review, presents data on the biological activity and clinical and pathogenetic significance of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in case of acute kidney injury (AKI) and viral infections development. KIM-1 is a surface protein of immunoglobulin family. During renal tubular injury, it is massively expressed by epithelial cells and, to a lesser extent, produced by other cell types. Significant expression of KIM-1, including its urinary form, has been fixed in the early stages of AKI of various etiologies. By stimulating the immune response to the inflammatory process in case of AKI, it enhances the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by epithelial cells and suppresses inflammatory modulation. In COVID-19, KIM-1 serves for SARS-CoV-2 as an alternative to the ACE2 receptors, through which the pathogen enters cells. Therefore, KIM-1 expression in lung and kidney epithelial cells enhances their damage by the virus. Moreover, this protein is involved in the development of viral infections such as Ebola, dengue, Marburg fevers, Japanese encephalitis, hepatitis A and C, and HIV: by interacting with phosphatidylserine receptors, it enhances viral penetration into cells. KIM-1 may become a biomarker for the early diagnosis and prognosis of AKI outcomes of various etiologies, as well as for assessing the severity of viral infections.

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About the authors

Rasima T. Murzabaeva

Bashkir State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: rmurzabaeva@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9132-4697
SPIN-code: 5465-8963
Scopus Author ID: 6602301896

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, professor of the Department of infectious diseases

Russian Federation, Ufa

Kamila S. Gumerova

Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital

Email: yaernst@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5155-5298

MD, infectious diseases physician of the Admissions Department

Russian Federation, Ufa

Damir A. Valishin

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: damirval@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1811-9320
SPIN-code: 9582-5853
Scopus Author ID: 6506590910

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, head of the Department of infectious diseases

Russian Federation, Ufa

Ramil M. Karanaev

Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital

Email: karanaevramil111@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-0606-452X

MD, infectious diseases physician

Russian Federation, Ufa

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