TherapyTherapyТерапия2412-40362713-1823Bionika Media43042310.18565/therapy.2023.2.48–54REVIEWSОБЗОРЫReview ArticleVaccination as a key element to combat the epidemic and pandemicВакцинация как ключевой элемент борьбы с эпидемией и пандемиейhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8488-923524576966600OsadchukAlexey M.ОсадчукАлексей Михайлович
Russian Federation

MD, professor, professor of the Department of gastroenterology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia

д.м.н., профессор, профессор кафедры гастроэнтерологии ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России

a.m.osadchuk@2020mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3681-413236164230100LoranskayaIrina D.ЛоранскаяИрина Дмитриевна
Russian Federation

MD, professor, head of the Department of gastroenterology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia

д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой гастроэнтерологии ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России

gastromapo@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0485-68026701741609OsadchukMikhail A.ОсадчукМихаил Алексеевич
Russian Federation

MD, professor, head of the Department of polyclinic therapy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia (Sechenov University

д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой поликлинической терапии ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)

osadchuk.mikhail@yandex.ruRussian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, MoscowФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава РоссииI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia (Sechenov University)ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)150220239248542005202320052023Copyright ©; 2023, Bionika MediaCopyright ©; 2023, ООО «Бионика Медиа»2023Bionika MediaООО «Бионика Медиа»https://journals.eco-vector.com/2412-4036/article/view/430423

Today, about 30 infectious diseases can be prevented by vaccination. Successful vaccination of the population can prevent at least 2-3 million deaths per year from various infections. Unfortunately, to date, anti-epidemic measures throughout the world have led to the complete elimination of only one infectious disease - smallpox. At the same time, the incidence and mortality from infectious diseases remains at a fairly high level, and WHO has compiled a list of 9 infections that cannot be prevented by vaccination today, and the development of vaccines for the prevention of these diseases is one of the priorities of public health. The WHO also believes that vaccine development must move faster as the world prepares for the emergence of a new pandemic of yet unknown disease, «Disease X». In this regard, the production of new vaccines presents enormous challenges in terms of studying the target pathogens for future vaccine candidates, as well as achieving the desired results to prevent the development of epidemics and pandemics.

В наши дни около 30 инфекционных заболеваний могут быть предотвращены с помощью вакцин. Успешно проведенная вакцинация населения позволяет предотвратить не менее 2–3 млн смертей в год от различных инфекций. К сожалению, на сегодняшний день противоэпидемиологические мероприятия во всем мире привели к полной ликвидации только одного инфекционного заболевания – оспы. При этом заболеваемость и смертность от инфекционных болезней остается на достаточно высоком уровне. Более того, ВОЗ составила список из 9 инфекций, предотвращение которых на сегодняшний день с помощью вакцинации невозможно; разработка вакцин для профилактики этих болезней – одна из приоритетных задач здравоохранения. ВОЗ также полагает, что разработка вакцин должна проводиться быстрее, так как мир обязан быть готовым к появлению новой пандемии так называемого заболевания Х. В связи с этим производство новых вакцин представляет огромные трудности с точки зрения изучения целевых патогенных микроорганизмов для будущих кандидатов на вакцины, а также достижения заданных результатов по предотвращению развития эпидемий и пандемий.

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