TherapyTherapyТерапия2412-40362713-1823Bionika Media62612110.18565/therapy.2023.9.44-52ORIGINAL STUDIESОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯResearch ArticlePeculiarities of nutrition in pregnant females with different subtypes of gestational diabetes mellitusОсобенности питания у беременных с различными подтипами гестационного сахарного диабетаDavidenkoIlya Yu.ДавиденкоИлья Юрьевич
Russian Federation

PhD in Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Internal Medicine No. 3

к.м.н., доцент кафедры внутренних болезней № 3

Davidenko.iu@gmail.comSorokinaYulia A.СорокинаЮлия Алексеевна
Russian Federation

PhD in Medical Sciences, Assistant at the Department of Internal Medicine No. 3

к.м.н., ассистент кафедры внутренних болезней № 3

Davidenko.iu@gmail.comVolkovaNatalya I.ВолковаНаталья Ивановна
Russian Federation

MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Internal Medicine No. 3

д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой внутренних болезней № 3

Davidenko.iu@gmail.comDegtyarevaYulia S.ДегтяреваЮлия Сергеевна
Russian Federation

Assistant at the Department of Internal Medicine No. 3

ассистент кафедры внутренних болезней № 3

Davidenko.iu@gmail.comKovalenkoVasilisa N.КоваленкоВасилиса Николаевна
Russian Federation

5th year student of the Faculty of Pediatrics

студентка 5 курса педиатрического факультета

Davidenko.iu@gmail.comGolubevMaxim E.ГолубевМаксим Евгеньевич
Russian Federation

5th year student of the Faculty of Pediatrics

студент 5 курса педиатрического факультета

Davidenko.iu@gmail.comRostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of RussiaФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России150920239944522701202427012024Copyright ©; 2023, Bionika MediaCopyright ©; 2023, ООО «Бионика Медиа»2023Bionika MediaООО «Бионика Медиа»https://journals.eco-vector.com/2412-4036/article/view/626121

Identifying the nutritional peculiarities of pregnant females with various subtypes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may be important for timely verification of diagnosis and selection of therapy.

The aim: to evaluate the nutritional habits of female patients with different GDM subtypes.

Material and methods. The study included 130 pregnant females without a history of carbohydrate metabolism pathology. Research subjects were divided into three groups: group I – 45 pregnant females with GDM and β-cell dysfunction, group II – 43 pregnant females with GDM and insulin resistance (IR), group III – 42 pregnant females without GDM (control). All patients were questioned to assess the type of the actual diet. A complete clinical examination was carried out, carbohydrate metabolism was assessed according to fasting venous plasma glucose, and oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g of glucose. To assess IR and β-cell function, as well as to verify GDM subtypes, Matsuda index was calculated.

Results. Comparatively with healthy pregnant females, more pregnant females with GDM and IR consume >2 servings of fruits and berries daily (29 (67%) vs. 22 (52%) persons, p=0,03), >2 servings of vegetables (32 (74%) versus 21 (50%), p=0,02), as well as more meat, poultry and eggs (33 (77%) versus 26 (62%), p=0,007). Among pregnant females with GDM and β-cell dysfunction, comparatively with controls, more female patients consumed >2 servings of vegetables (27 (60%) vs. 21 (50%), p=0,02) and less of them consumed meat, poultry, and eggs (12 (27%) vs. 26 (62%), p=0,001). Patients with GDM and IR, comparatively with pregnant females with GDM and β-cell dysfunction, consume more meat, poultry and eggs daily (33 (77%) vs. 12 (27%), p=0,001), confectionery products (14 (33%) vs. 4 (9%), p=0,04) and less whole grains (6 (14%) vs. 12 (27%), p=0,04).

Conclusion. Obtained results indicate that the diets of pregnant female patients with different subtypes of GDM are largely similar, however, there are some differences in this regard, which may affect the development of these subtypes of GDM and require correction during the treatment of such type of patients.

Выявление особенностей питания беременных с различными подтипами гестационного сахарного диабета (ГСД) может быть важно для своевременной верификации диагноза и подбора терапии.

Цель – оценка особенностей питания пациенток с различными подтипами ГСД.

Материал и методы. В исследование вошли 130 беременных без патологии углеводного обмена в анамнезе. Испытуемых разделили на три группы: группа I – 45 беременных с ГСД и дисфункцией β-клеток, группа II – 43 беременные с ГСД и инсулинорезистентностью (ИР), группа III – 42 беременных без ГСД (контроль). Всех пациенток анкетировали для оценки состава фактического рациона. Проводились полное клиническое обследование, оценка углеводного обмена по данным глюкозы венозной плазмы натощак, ПГГТ с 75 г глюкозы. Для оценки ИР и функции β-клеток, а также верификации подтипов ГСД выполнялся расчет индекса Matsuda.

Результаты. По сравнению со здоровыми беременными большее количество беременных с ГСД и ИР ежедневно употребляет >2 порций фруктов и ягод (29 (67%) против 22 (52%) человек, р=0,03), >2 порций овощей (32 (74%) против 21 (50%), р=0,02), а также больше мяса, птицы и яиц (33 (77%) против 26 (62%), р=0,007). Среди беременных с ГСД и дисфункцией β-клеток в сравнении с контролем большее количество женщин принимало >2 порций овощей (27 (60%) против 21 (50%), р=0,02) и меньшее – мясо, птицу и яйца (12 (27%) против 26 (62%), р=0,001). Пациентки с ГСД и ИР в сравнении с беременными с ГСД и дисфункцией β-клеток ежедневно употребляют больше мяса, птицы и яиц (33 (77%) против 12 (27%), р=0,001), кондитерских изделий (14 (33%) против 4 (9%), р=0,04) и меньше цельнозерновых продуктов (6 (14%) против 12 (27%), р=0,04).

Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют, что рационы беременных с различными подтипами ГСД во многом схожи, однако есть и некоторые различия в этом плане, которые могут оказывать влияние на развитие данных подтипов ГСД и требовать коррекции в ходе лечения таких пациенток.

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