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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Therapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Therapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2412-4036</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-1823</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">694117</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/therapy.2025.7.80-89</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Factors and mechanism of development of infectious and non-infectious pharyngitis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Факторы и механизм развития инфекционного и неинфекционного фарингита</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-308X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7000-3714</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savlevich</surname><given-names>Elena L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савлевич</surname><given-names>Елена Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), associate professor, otolaryngologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., доцент, врач-оториноларинголог</p></bio><email>savllena@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2564-6601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markus</surname><given-names>Pyotr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркус</surname><given-names>Петр Всеволодович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, head of the Department of otolaryngology with surdology and hearing aid room</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий оториноларингологическим отделением с кабинетом сурдологии и слухопротезирования</p></bio><email>markusp@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0990-2535</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9358-1745</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kabanova</surname><given-names>Tatyana G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кабанова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Григорьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD (Medicine), head of the multidisciplinary day hospital</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. м. н., заведующая многопрофильным дневным стационаром</p></bio><email>kabanova75@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7760-4860</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8186-5360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yastremsky</surname><given-names>Andrey P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ястремский</surname><given-names>Андрей Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, head of the Department of otolaryngology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой оториноларингологии</p></bio><email>yastrem-andrej97@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1868-3169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kagan</surname><given-names>Anastasia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каган</surname><given-names>Анастасия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, pulmonologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-пульмонолог</p></bio><email>njuk20@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5182-3668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bessonov</surname><given-names>Kirill K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бессонов</surname><given-names>Кирилл Константинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>medical marketing manager</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>менеджер по медицинскому маркетингу</p></bio><email>i@kbessonov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical Hospital of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Клиническая больница» Управления делами Президента РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Polyclinic No. 3 of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Поликлиника № 3» Управления делами Президента РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tyumen Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Тюменский медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bionorica LLC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионорика»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>7</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-23"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-23"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2412-4036/article/view/694117">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2412-4036/article/view/694117</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The main endogenous factors in the development of pharyngitis are gastroesophageal and laryngopharyngeal reflux, chronic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, adenoiditis, systemic vasculitis (Kawasaki or Behcet’s disease), thyroid disease. Exogenous factors that affect mucous membrane of the oropharynx include pollutants (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, etc.), carbon dioxide, toxic production factors emitted at various industrial enterprises, in printing houses, livestock and agro-industrial farms, living conditions at home or in offices associated with the development of sick building syndrome (SBS), tobacco smoke and smoking e-cigarettes, increased vocal loads, use of inhaled glucocorticosteroids and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The impact of these factors can change biocenosis of the mucous membrane of palatine tonsils and posterior pharyngeal wall and provoke the development of an infectious process, forming interdependent correlations.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Основными эндогенными факторами развития фарингита считаются гастроэозофагальный и ларингофарингеальный рефлюкс, хронический ринит, риносинусит, аденоидит, системные васкулиты (болезнь Кавасаки или Бехчета), заболевания щитовидной железы. Из экзогенных факторов воздействие на слизистую оболочку ротоглотки оказывают поллютанты (диоксид серы, азота и др.), углекислый газ, токсичные производственные факторы, выделяющиеся на различных промышленных предприятиях, в типографиях, животноводческих и агропромышленных фермах, бытовые условия дома или в офисах, связанные с развитием синдрома больного здания (SBS), табачный дым и курение электронных сигарет, повышенные голосовые нагрузки, применение ингаляционных глюкокортикостероидов и ингибиторов ангиотензипревращающего фермента. Воздействие этих факторов может изменять биоценоз слизистой оболочки нёбных миндалин и задней стенки глотки и провоцировать развитие инфекционного процесса, формируя взаимозависимые отношения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pain when swallowing</kwd><kwd>pharyngitis</kwd><kwd>tonsillopharyngitis</kwd><kwd>smoking</kwd><kwd>influence of environmental and production factors</kwd><kwd>laryngopharyngeal reflux</kwd><kwd>hydroxymethylquinoxalindioxyde</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>боль при глотании</kwd><kwd>фарингит</kwd><kwd>тонзиллофарингит</kwd><kwd>курение</kwd><kwd>влияние экологических и производственных факторов</kwd><kwd>ларингофарингеальный рефлюкс</kwd><kwd>гидроксиметилхиноксалиндиоксид</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Коркмазов М.Ю., Ленгина М.А., Коркмазов А.М., Корнова Н.В., Белошангин А.С. 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