<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Therapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Therapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2412-4036</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-1823</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">700378</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/therapy.2025.10.90-99</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ideal marker of renal glomerular filtration rate: myth or reality?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Идеальный маркер скорости клубочковой фильтрации почек: миф или реальность?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5900-7394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasyryanova</surname><given-names>Safiya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насырьянова</surname><given-names>Сафия Саматовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5th year student of the Faculty of general medicine of the Institute of clinical medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 5-го курса лечебного факультета Института клинической медицины</p></bio><email>safiya.nasyryanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4064-9616</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">25947675500</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5202-2387</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Obukhova</surname><given-names>Larisa M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обухова</surname><given-names>Лариса Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), associate professor, professor of the Department of multidisciplinary clinical training of the Institute of clinical medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. биол. н., доцент, профессор кафедры многопрофильной клинической подготовки Института клинической медицины</p></bio><email>ObuhovaLM@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Lobachevsky National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>10</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-08"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-08"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, “Bionika Media” LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">“Bionika Media” LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2412-4036/article/view/700378">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2412-4036/article/view/700378</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Estimation of kidney function is important in modern diagnostics due to the increasing prevalence of renal diseases. According to the Global Burden of Disease, the number of new cases of chronic kidney disease in the world increased by 25% in 2012–2021. Early detection of renal damage can improve the prognosis of the disease in a particular patient, reduce mortality and the need for replacement therapy. A common method for renal function assessing is the analysis of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). It is considered to be an indicator of renal function, since it decreases with kidney damage. The most common marker for GFR assessment is creatinine. However, its level has significant individual variability and a blind range, and with a decrease in glomerular filtration of creatinine, tubular secretion increases. In this regard, the aim of the review was to analyze the literature data and data of clinical studies concerning renal function markers based on GFR, as well as their comparison based on the characteristics of the “ideal” marker.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Определение функции почек важно в современной диагностике в связи с возрастающей распространенностью ренальных заболеваний. По данным Global Burden of Disease, количество новых случаев хронической болезни почек в мире за 2012–2021 гг. увеличилось на 25%. Раннее обнаружение поражения почек может улучшить прогноз заболевания у конкретного пациента, снизить смертность и потребность в заместительной терапии. Распространенным методом оценки функции почек служит анализ скорости клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ). Она признана показателем почечной функции, так как уменьшается при повреждениях почек. Наиболее распространенный маркер оценки СКФ – креатинин. Однако его уровень имеет значительную индивидуальную вариабельность и слепой диапазон, а при снижении клубочковой фильтрации креатинина усиливается канальцевая секреция. В связи с этим целью обзора стал анализ литературных данных и клинических исследований маркеров функции почек по СКФ, а также их сравнение на основании характеристик «идеального» маркера.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>glomerular filtration rate</kwd><kwd>renal function marker</kwd><kwd>clearance methods</kwd><kwd>renal pathologies</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>скорость клубочковой фильтрации</kwd><kwd>маркер функции почек</kwd><kwd>клиренсовые методы</kwd><kwd>ренальные патологии</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. GBD Results. GBD 2021. 2025, University of Washington. URL: https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/?params=gbd-api-2021-permalink/dbb9f2e403d43b898887a99ec50ec6ff (date of access – 10.07.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>World Health Organization. World health statistics 2024: Monitoring health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals. 2024; 96 pp. URL: https://books.google.ru/books?id=4acOEQAAQBAJ (date of access – 10.07.2025). ISBN: 9240094709, 9789240094703.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Li X, Lindholm B. Cardiovascular risk prediction in chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol. 2022;53(10):730–39. PMID: 36481730. https://doi.org/10.1159/000528560</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Клинические рекомендации. Хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП). Национальная ассоциация нефрологов. Рубрикатор клинических рекомендаций Минздрава России. 2024. ID: 469_3. Доступ: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/preview-cr/469_3 (дата обращения – 10.07.2025) [Clinical guidelines. Chronic kidney disease (CKD). National Association of Nephrologists. Rubricator of clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. 2024. ID: 469_3. URL: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/preview-cr/469_3 (date of access – 10.07.2025) (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Волкова И.А., Савина М.И. Особенности методов оценки скорости клубочковой фильтрации. Медицинский алфавит. 2019;3(22):43–47. [Volkova IA, Savina MI. Features of methods of glomerular filtration rate estimation. Meditsinskiy alfavit = Medical Alphabet. 2019;3(22):43–47 (In Russ.)]. EDN: SRJRGX. https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2019-3-22(397)-43-47</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Каюков И.Г., Галкина О.В., Тимшина Е.И., Зубина И.М., Михеева А.Ю., Бердичевский Г.М. Креатинин в современной оценке функционального состояния почек (обзор литературы и собственные данные). Нефрология. 2020;24(4):21–36. [Kayukov IG, Galkina OV, Timshina EI, Zubina IM, Miheeva AYu, Berdichevsky GM. Creatinin in the modern evaluation of the kidneys functional condition (literature review and own data). Nefrologiya = Nephrology (Saint Petersburg). 2020;24(4):21–36 (In Russ.)]. EDN: QNVIIX. https://doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-4-21-36</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Ferguson MA, Waikar SS. Established and emerging markers of kidney function. Clin Chem. 2012;58(4):680–89. PMID: 22311920. PMCID: PMC5136473. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.167494</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Вельков В.В., Резникова О.И. Современная лабораторная диагностика ренальных патологий: от ранних стадий до острой почечной недостаточности: методическое пособие. М.: ЗАО «Диакон». 2010; 9 с. [Velkov VV, Reznikova OI. Modern laboratory diagnostics of renal pathologies: From early stages to acute renal failure: A methodical guide. Moscow: Diakon, 2010; 9 pp. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Spencer S, Desborough R, Bhandari S. Should cystatin C eGFR become routine clinical practice? Biomolecules. 2023;13(7):1075. PMID: 37509111. PMCID: PMC10377068. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13071075</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Мирошников М.В., Ковалева М.А., Султанова К.Т. Обзор методов определения скорости клубочковой фильтрации в доклинических исследованиях. Лабораторные животные для научных исследований. 2024;(3):66–77. [Miroshnikov MV, Kovaleva MA, Sultanova KT. Review of methods for determining the glomerular filtration rate in preclinical studies. Laboratornye zhivotnye dlya nauchnykh issledovaniy = Laboratory Animals for Science. 2024;(3):66–77 (In Russ.)]. EDN: IMJIQA. https://doi.org/10.57034/2618723X-2024-03-06</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Inker LA, Titan S. Measurement and estimation of GFR for use in clinical practice: Core Curriculum 2021. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021;78(5):736–49. PMID: 34518032. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.04.016</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Xin C, Xie J, Fan H, Sun X, Shi B. Association between serum cystatin C and thyroid diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:766516. PMID: 34867811. PMCID: PMC8639734. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.766516</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Liang S, Shi M, Bai Y, Deng Y, Fang M, Li J et al. The effect of glucocorticoids on serum cystatin C in identifying acute kidney injury: A propensity-matched cohort study. BMC Nephrol. 2020;21(1):519. PMID: 33246435. PMCID: PMC7694927. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-020-02165-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Клинические практические рекомендации KDIGO 2012 по диагностике и лечению хронической болезни почек. Нефрология и диализ. 2017;19(1):22–206. [KGIGO 2012 Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Nefrologiya i dializ = Nephrology and Dialysis. 2017;19(1):22–206 (In Russ.)]. EDN: YKVZBX. https://doi.org/10.28996/1680-4422-2017-1-22-206</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Argyropoulos CP, Chen SS, Ng Y-H, Roumelioti M-E, Shaffi K, Singh PP, Tzamaloukas AH. Re-discovering beta-2 microglobulin as a biomarker across the spectrum of kidney diseases. Front Med (Lausanne). 2017;4:73. PMID: 28664159. PMCID: PMC5471312. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2017.00073</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Муркамилов И.Т., Айтбаев К.А., Муркамилова Ж.А., Фомин В.В., Юсупов Ф.А. Бета-2-микроглобулин как биомаркер при хронической болезни почек. The Scientific Heritage. 2021;59-2(59):45–55. [Murkamilov IT, Aitbaev KA, Murkamilova ZhA, Fomin VV, Yusupov FA. Beta-2-microglobulin as a biomarker in chronic kidney disease. The Scientific Heritage. 2021;59-2(59):45–55 (In Russ.)]. EDN: UBYKCQ. https://doi.org/10.24412/9215-0365-2021-59-2-45-55</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Казаченко А.В., Войтко Д.А., Просянников М.Ю., Константинова О.В., Анохин Н.В, Аполихин О.И., Каприн А.Д. Современные маркеры определения функциональной способности почек в урологической практике. Экспериментальная и клиническая урология. 2023;16(1):174–187. [Kazachenko AV, Voytko DA, Prosyannikov MYu, Konstantinova OV, Anokhin NV, Apolikhin OI, Kaprin AD. Modern markers for determining the functional ability of the kidneys in urological practice. Eksperimental’naya i klinicheskaya urologiya = Experimental and Clinical Urology. 2023;16(1):174–187 (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2023-16-1-174-187</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Foster MC, Coresh J, Hsu C-Y, Xie D, Levey AS, Nelson RG et al.; CKD Biomarker Consortium and the CRIC Study Investigators. Serum β-trace protein and β2-microglobulin as predictors of ESRD, mortality, and cardiovascular disease in adults with CKD in the chronic renal insufficiency cohort (CRIC) study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016;68(1):68–76. PMID: 26948990. PMCID: PMC4921300. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.01.015</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Inker LA, Couture SJ, Tighiouart H, Abraham AG, Beck GJ, Feldman HI et al.; CKD-EPI GFR Collaborators. A new panel-estimated GFR, including β2-microglobulin and β-trace protein and not including race, developed in a diverse population. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021;77(5):673–683.e1. PMID: 33301877. PMCID: PMC8102017. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.11.005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Uemura O, Ishikura K, Kamei K, Hamada R, Yamamoto M, Gotoh Y et al. Comparison of inulin clearance with 2-h creatinine clearance in Japanese pediatric patients with renal disease: Open-label phase 3 study of inulin. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2022;26(2):132–39. PMID: 34562149. PMCID: PMC8770449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-021-02133-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Ebert N, Schaeffner E, Seegmiller JC, van Londen M, Bökenkamp A, Cavalier E et al.; European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Task Group on Chronic Kidney Disease (EFLM TG-CKD). Iohexol plasma clearance measurement proto-col standardization for adults: A consensus paper of the European Kidney Function Consortium. Kidney Int. 2024;106(4):583–96. PMID: 39097002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2024.06.029</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Ebert N, Bevc S, Bökenkamp A, Gaillard F, Hornum M, Jager KJ et al. Assessment of kidney function: Clinical indications for measured GFR. Clin Kidney J. 2021;14(8):1861–70. PMID: 34345408. PMCID: PMC8323140. https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfab042</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Cheng W, Zhao F, Tang C-Y, Li X-W, Luo M, Duan S-B. Comparison of iohexol and iodixanol induced nephrotoxicity, mitochondrial damage and mitophagy in a new contrast-induced acute kidney injury rat model. Arch Toxicol. 2018;92(7):2245–57. PMID: 29860548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-018-2225-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Good Clinical Practice Network. Клиническое испытание NCT01545531. Двухточечное измерение скорости клубочковой фильтрации по исчезновению йогексола в плазме. Доступ: https://ichgcp.net/ru/clinical-trials-registry/NCT01545531 (дата обращения – 10.07.2025). [Good Clinical Practice Network. Clinical Trial NCT01545531. Two-Point Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate by Iohexol Plasma Disappearance. URL: https://ichgcp.net/ru/clinical-trials-registry/NCT01545531 (date of access – 10.07.2025) (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Utiel FJB, Navarro AMR, de la Rosa RE, Soto JAB. Comparison of MDRD and the old CKD-EPI equations with the new CKD-EPI equations in kidney transplant patients when glomerular filtration rate is measured with 51Cr-EDTA. Nefrologia (Engl Ed). 2020;40(1):53–64. PMID: 31843209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nefro.2019.07.006</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Чехонацкая М.Л., Аверьянов А.П., Утц И.А., Великанова М.Г., Бобылев Д.А., Chekhonatsky I.A. Лучевые методы оценки функции почек у детей. Саратовский научно-медицинский журнал. 2018;14(3):385–388. [Chekhonatskaya ML, Averyanov AP, Utz IA, Velikanova MG, Bobylev DA, Chekhonatsky IA. Saratovskiy nauchno-meditsinskiy zhurnal = Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research. 2018;14(3):385–388 (In Russ.)]. EDN: YZNJCH.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Смирнов И.Е., Комарова Н.Л., Герасимова Н.П., Видюков В.И. Новая технология радионуклидной оценки функциональной активности почечной ткани у детей. Российский педиатрический журнал. 2014;17(5):30–33. [Smirnov IE, Komarova NL, Gerasimova NP, Vidyukov VI. New radionuclide technology for the assessment of the functional activity of renal tissue in children. Rossiiskii pediatricheskii zhurnal = Russian Pediatric Journal. 2014;17(5):30–33 (In Russ.)]. EDN: TANOHL.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Molitoris BA, Reilly ES. Quantifying glomerular filtration rates in acute kidney injury: A re-quirement for translational success. Semin Nephrol. 2016;36(1):31–41. PMID: 27085733. PMCID: PMC4834456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2016.01.008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Perez ZH, Weinfurter S, Gretz N. Transcutaneous assessment of renal function in conscious rodents. J Vis Exp. 2016;(109):e53767. PMID: 27078159. PMCID: PMC4841314. https://doi.org/10.3791/53767</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Fanous MS, Afolabi JM, Michael OS, Falayi OO, Iwhiwhu SA, Adebiyi A. Transdermal measurement of glomerular filtration rate in mechanically ventilated piglets. J Vis Exp. 2022;(187):10.3791/64413. PMID: 36190295. PMCID: PMC9835146. https://doi.org/10.3791/64413</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Scarfe L, Schock-Kusch D, Ressel L, Friedemann J, Shulhevich Y, Murray P et al. Transdermal measurement of glomerular filtration rate in mice. J Vis Exp. 2018;(140):58520. PMID: 30394397. PMCID: PMC6235579. https://doi.org/10.3791/58520</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Steinbach S, Krolop N, Strommer S, Herrera-Pérez Z, Geraci S, Friedemann J et al. A pilot study to assess the feasibility of transcutaneous glomerular filtration rate measurement using fluorescence-labelled sinistrin in dogs and cats. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e111734. PMID: 25423195. PMCID: PMC4244090. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111734</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Molitoris BA. Rethinking CKD evaluation: Should we be quantifying basal or stimulated GFR to maximize precision and sensitivity? Am J Kidney Dis. 2017;69(5):675–83. PMID: 28223001. PMCID: PMC5403623. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.11.028</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Charlton JR, Tan W, Daouk G, Teot L, Rosen S, Bennett KM et al. Beyond the tubule: Pathological variants of LRP2, encoding the megalin receptor, result in glomerular loss and early progressive chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2020;319(6):F988–F999. PMID: 33103447. PMCID: PMC7792689. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00295.2020</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang J, Wei J, Jiang S, Xu L, Wang L, Cheng F et al. Macula densa SGLT1-NOS1-tubuloglomerular feedback pathway, a new mechanism for glomerular hyperfiltration during hyperglycemia. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019;30(4):578–93. PMID: 30867247. PMCID: PMC6442354. https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2018080844</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Carlström M, Carvalho LRRA, Guimaraes D, Boeder A, Schiffer TA. Di-methyl malonate preserves renal and mitochondrial functions following ischemia-reperfusion via inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase. Redox Biol. 2024;69:102984. PMID: 38061207. PMCID: PMC10749277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2023.102984</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Pottel H, Delanaye P, Cavalier E. Exploring renal function assessment: Creatinine, cystatin C, and estimated glomerular filtration rate focused on the European Kidney Function Consortium Equation. Ann Lab Med. 2024;44(2):135–43. PMID: 37909162. PMCID: PMC10628758. https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2023.0237</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Jaques DA, Davenport A. Serum β2-microglobulin as a predictor of residual kidney function in peritoneal dialysis patients. J Nephrol. 2021;34(2):473–81. PMID: 33270187. PMCID: PMC8036192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-020-00906-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>White CA, Ghazan-Shahi S, Adams MA. β-Trace protein: A marker of GFR and other biological pathways. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;65(1):131–46. PMID: 25446025. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.06.038</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Государственный реестр лекарственных средств Минздрава России. Инструкции по медицинскому применению лекарственных препаратов с МНН йодиксанол. Доступ: https://grls.rosminzdrav.ru/GRLS.aspx?RegNumber=&amp;MnnR=Йодиксанол&amp;lf=&amp;TradeNmR=&amp;OwnerName=&amp;MnfOrg=&amp;MnfOrgCountry=&amp;isfs=0&amp;regtype=1%2c6&amp;pageSize=10&amp;token=496ef1aa-5986-4c9e-82c6-1ffb9bf1a206&amp;order=Registered&amp;orderType=desc&amp;pageNum=1 (дата обращения – 10.07.2025). [State Register of Medicines of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. Instructions for medical use of drugs with INN iodixanol. URL: https://grls.rosminzdrav.ru/GRLS.aspx?RegNumber=&amp;MnnR=Йодиксанол&amp;lf=&amp;TradeNmR=&amp;OwnerName=&amp;MnfOrg=&amp;MnfOrgCountry=&amp;isfs=0&amp;regtype=1%2c6&amp;pageSize=10&amp;token=496ef1aa-5986-4c9e-82c6-1ffb9bf1a206&amp;order=Registered&amp;orderType=desc&amp;pageNum=1 (date of access – 10.07.2025) (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
