<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Therapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Therapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2412-4036</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-1823</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">700383</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/therapy.2025.10.138-146</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Vascular cognitive impairments: the role of cerebral energy metabolism disorders</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сосудистые когнитивные расстройства: роль нарушений церебрального энергетического метаболизма</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7562-4991</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6507370001</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">C-5395-2012</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lagoda</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лагода</surname><given-names>Ольга Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD (Medicine), senior researcher, neurologist at the 1st Department of neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. м. н., старший научный сотрудник, врач-невролог 1-го неврологического отделения</p></bio><email>lagoda.ov@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-2231</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7004672742</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">J-9971-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7737-4712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>Ksenia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>Ксения Валентиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), leading researcher, endocrinologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., ведущий научный сотрудник, врач-эндокринолог</p></bio><email>kseniya.antonova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian center for Neurology and Neurosciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Российский центр неврологии и нейронаук»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>10</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>138</fpage><lpage>146</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-08"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-08"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, “Bionika Media” LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">“Bionika Media” LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2412-4036/article/view/700383">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2412-4036/article/view/700383</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cognitive impairments (CI), which are widespread in the population, are one of the main symptoms of vascular brain damages. Their presence significantly affects patients’ life quality and requires early detection and correction. Understanding of CI has significantly expanded due to the introduction into clinical practice of various neuroimaging techniques and results of research work in the sphere of fundamental pathochemical changes in brain’s antioxidative system. Vascular CI represent a heterogeneous group of cognitive disorders, ranging from mild to dementia-like ones. Diabetes mellitus and other metabolic disorders significantly contribute to the development and clinical manifestation of cerebrovascular pathology. Keys to effective prevention and treatment of vascular cognitive impairments are risk factor correction, early detection of changes in cognitive function, and timely initiation of comprehensive therapy, including cognitive training and medications that enhance the physiological antioxidant system and inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species and other free radicals.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Когнитивные нарушения (КН), широко распространенные в популяции, являются одним из основных симптомов сосудистых поражений головного мозга. Их наличие значимо влияет на качество жизни пациентов и требует раннего выявления и коррекции. Представления о КН значительно расширились благодаря внедрению в клиническую практику различных методик нейровизуализации и исследованиям основных патохимических изменений антиоксидантной системы мозга. Сосудистые КН представляют собой гетерогенную группу расстройств когнитивных функций – от легких до дементных. Сахарный диабет и другие метаболические расстройства вносят существенный вклад в развитие и клиническую манифестацию цереброваскулярной патологии. Условиями эффективности профилактики и лечения сосудистых КН являются коррекция факторов риска, как можно более раннее выявление изменения когнитивных функций и своевременное назначение комплексной терапии, включающей когнитивный тренинг и применение препаратов, которые способствуют усилению физиологической антиоксидантной системы и ингибированию образования активных форм кислорода и других свободных радикалов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cerebrovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>vascular cognitive impairments</kwd><kwd>antioxidant therapy</kwd><kwd>metabolic disorders</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цереброваскулярные заболевания</kwd><kwd>сосудистые когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>антиоксидантная терапия</kwd><kwd>метаболические нарушения</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>van der Flier WM, Skoog I, Schneider JA, Pantoni L, Mok V, Chen CLH, Scheltens P. Vascular cognitive impairment. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4:18003. PMID: 29446769. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2018.3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Corriveau RA, Bosetti F, Emr M, Gladman JT, Koenig JI, Moy CS et al. The science of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID): A framework for advancing research priorities in the cerebrovascular biology of cognitive decline. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2016;36(2):281–88. PMID: 27095366. PMCID: PMC4859348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-016-0334-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Corriveau RA, Bosetti F, Emr M, Gladman JT, Koenig JI, Moy CS et al. The science of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID): A framework for advancing research priorities in the cerebrovascular biology of cognitive decline. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2016;36(2):281–88. PMID: 27095366. PMCID: PMC4859348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-016-0334-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Клинические рекомендации. Когнитивные расстройства у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста. Всероссийское общество неврологов, общественная организация «Российское общество психиатров», общероссийская общественная организация «Российская ассоциация геронтологов и гериатров». Рубрикатор клинических рекомендаций Минздрава России. 2024. ID: 617_5. Доступ: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/617_5 (дата обращения – 18.12.2025). [Clinical guidelines. Cognitive impairment in the elderly and very old. All-Russian Society of Neurologists, Russian Society of Psychiatrists, Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians. Rubricator of clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. 2024. ID: 617_5. URL: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/617_5 (date of access – 18.12.2025) (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators. Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Public Health. 2022;7(2):e105–e125. PMID: 34998485. PMCID: PMC8810394. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00249-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Boyle PA, Yu L, Wilson RS, Leurgans SE, Schneider JA, Bennett DA. Person-specific contribution of neuropathologies to cognitive loss in old age. Ann Neurol. 2018;83(1):74–83. PMID: 29244218. PMCID: PMC5876116. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.25123</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Ribeiro FS, Teixeira-Santos AC, Leist AK. The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health. 2022;26(9):1710–20. PMID: 34844480. PMCID: PMC9466284. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2021.2003297</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Petersen RC, Lopez O, Armstrong MJ, Getchius TSD, Ganguli M, Gloss D et al. Practice guideline update summary: Mild cognitive impairment [RETIRED]: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2018;90(3):126–35. PMID: 29282327. PMCID: PMC5772157. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004826</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>GBD 2021 Stroke Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Neurol. 2024;23(10):973–1003. PMID: 39304265. PMCID: PMC12254192. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00369-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>de Bruijn RF, Bos MJ, Portegies ML, Hofman A, Franco OH, Koudstaal PJ, Ikram MA. The potential for prevention of dementia across two decades: The prospective, population-based Rotterdam Study. BMC Med. 2015;13:132. PMID: 26195085. PMCID: PMC4509699. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-0377-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Norton S, Matthews FE, Barnes DE, Yaffe K, Brayne C. Potential for primary prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: An analysis of population-based data. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(8):788–94. PMID: 25030513. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70136-X</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Yuan XY, Wang XG. Mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus and related risk factors: A review. Rev Neurosci. 2017;28(7):715–23. PMID: 28704200. https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2017-0016</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Xue M, Xu W, Ou YN, Cao XP, Tan MS, Tan L, Yu JT. Diabetes mellitus and risks of cognitive impairment and dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 144 prospective studies. Ageing Res Rev. 2019;55:100944. PMID: 31430566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2019.100944</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Chakraborty A, Hegde S, Praharaj SK, Prabhu K, Patole C, Shetty AKet al. Age related prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the Indian population and association of serum lipids with cognitive dysfunction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:798652. PMID: 35035379. PMCID: PMC8758578. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.798652</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Zheng Y, Ma Q, Qi X, Zhu Z, Wu B. Prevalence and incidence of mild cognitive impairment in adults with diabetes in the United States. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2023;205:110976. PMID: 37890703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110976</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Zhao Y, Wang H, Tang G, Wang L, Tian X, Li R. Risk factors for mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025;16:1617248. PMID: 40589509. PMCID: PMC12206637. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1617248</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Танашян М.М., Антонова К.В. Цереброметаболическое здоровье. Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии. 2025;19(2):62–73. [Tanashyan ММ, Antonova AV. Cerebrometabolic health. Annaly klinicheskoy i eksperimental’noy nevrologii = Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology. 2025;19(2):62–73 (In Russ.)]. EDN: TJXFNR. https://doi.org/10.17816/ACEN.1359</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Caruso P, Signori R, Moretti R. Small vessel disease to subcortical dementia: A dynamic model, which interfaces aging, cholinergic dysregulation and the neurovascular unit. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2019;15:259–81. PMID: 31496716. PMCID: PMC6689673. https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S190470</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Zlokovic BV, Gottesman RF, Bernstein KE, Seshadri S, McKee A, Snyder H et al. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID): A report from the 2018 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Workshop. Alzheimers Dement. 2020;16(12):1714–33. PMID: 33030307. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12157</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Iadecola C. The pathobiology of vascular dementia. Neuron. 2013;80(4):844–66. PMID: 24267647. PMCID: PMC3842016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Jack CR, Knopman DS, Jagust WJ, Petersen RC, Weiner MW, Aisen PS et al. Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer’s disease: An updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12(2):207–16. PMID: 23332364. PMCID: PMC3622225. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70291-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Sayed N, Huang Y, Nguyen K, Krejciova-Rajaniemi Z, Grawe AP, Gao T et al. An inflammatory aging clock (iAge) based on deep learning tracks multimorbidity, immunosenescence, frailty and cardiovascular aging. Nat Aging. 2021;1(7):598–615. PMID: 34888528 PMCID: PMC8654267. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-021-00082-y. Erratum in: Nat Aging. 2021;1(8):748. PMID: 34888528. PMCID: PMC8654267. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-021-00102-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Tian Y, Jing G, Ma M, Yin R, Zhang M. Microglial activation and polarization in type 2 diabetes-related cognitive impairment: A focused review of pathogenesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2024;165:105848. PMID: 39142542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105848</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Piatkowska-Chmiel I, Herbet M, Gawronska-Grzywacz M, Ostrowska-Lesko M, Dudka J. The role of molecular and inflammatory indicators in the assessment of cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of diabetes. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(8):3878. PMID: 33918576. PMCID: PMC8069936. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083878</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Grigsby JG, Cardona SM, Pouw CE, Muniz A, Mendiola AS, Tsin ATet al. The role of microglia in diabetic retinopathy. J Ophthalmol. 2014;2014:705783. PMID: 25258680. PMCID: PMC4166427. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/705783</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Feng L, Gao L. The role of neurovascular coupling dysfunction in cognitive decline of diabetes patients. Front Neurosci. 2024;18:1375908. PMID: 38576869ю PMCID: PMC10991808. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1375908</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>An Y, Xu BT, Wan SR, Ma XM, Long Y, Xu Y, Jiang ZZ. The role of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):237. PMID: 37660030. PMCID: PMC10475205. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-023-01965-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Танашян М.М., Суркова Е.В., Антонова К.В., Лагода О.В., Наминов А.В., Бердникович Е.С. с соавт. Сахарный диабет 2-го типа и когнитивные функции у пациентов с хроническими цереброваскулярными заболеваниями. Терапевтический архив. 2021;93(10):1179–1185. [Tanashyan MM, Surkova EV, Antonova KV, Lagoda OV, Naminov AV, Berdnikovich ES et al. Type 2 diabetes and cognitive functions in patients with chronic cerebrovascular diseases. Terapevticheskiy arkhiv = Therapeutic Archive. 2021;93(10):1179–1185. EDN: EGGJCI. https://doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2021.10.201108</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Танашян М.М., Антонова К.В., Лагода О.В., Шабалина А.А. Решенные и нерешенные вопросы цереброваскулярной патологии при сахарном диабете. Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии. 2021;15(3):5–14. [Тanashyan ММ, Antonova KV, Lagoda ОV, Shabalina АА. Resolved and unresolved issues of cerebrovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Annaly klinicheskoy i eksperimental’noy nevrologii = Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology. 2021;15(3):5–14 (In Russ.)]. EDN: CVCVOF. https://doi.org/10.54101/ACEN.2021.3.1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Танашян М.М., Антонова К.В., Лагода О.В., Корнилова А.А., Щукина Е.П. Приверженность к лечению у пациентов с цереброваскулярными заболеваниями как мультифакториальная проблема. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2023;15(1):18–27. [Tanashyan MM, Antonova KV, Lagoda OV, Kornilova AA, Shchukina EP. Adherence to treatment in patients with cerebrovascular disease as a multifactorial problem. Nevrologiya, neyropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2023;15(1):18–27 (In Russ.)]. EDN: RYHAHF. https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1-18-27</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Cozza A, Chinigo C, Filicetti E, Greco GI, Lappano R, Marinaro C et al. Effects of antidiabetic medications on the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment. Ageing Res Rev. 2025:112:102834. PMID: 40659290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2025.102834</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Cui J, Robert C, Teh CM, Jun Yi EC, Chong JR, Tan BY et al. Interactive effect of diabetes mellitus and subclinical MRI markers of cerebrovascular disease on cognitive decline and incident dementia: A memory-clinic study. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2024;16(1):214. PMID: 39363381. PMCID: PMC11448036. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-024-01577-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Танашян М.М., Антонова К.В., Панина А.А., Лагода О.В., Спрышков Н.Е., Сергеева А.Н., Хвасточенко Г.И. Цереброваскулярные заболевания на фоне сахарного диабета 2-го типа: когнитивные нарушения и ассоциированный статус мозга и метаболических характеристик. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2025;17(5):39–47. [Tanashyan MM, Antonova KV, Panina AA, Lagoda OV, Spryshkov NE, Sergeeva AN, Khvastochenko GI. Cerebrovascular diseases in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Cognitive impairment and associated brain status and metabolic characteristics. Nevrologiya, neyropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2025;17(5):39–47 (In Russ.)]. EDN: ZWHLJB. https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2025-5-39-47</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Chen Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Yuan J, Hu W. Efficacy of cholinesterase inhibitors in vascular dementia: An updated meta-analysis. Eur Neurol. 2016;75(3–4):132–41. PMID: 26918649. https://doi.org/10.1159/000444253</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Auchus AP, Brashear HR, Salloway S, Korczyn AD, De Deyn PP, Gassmann-Mayer C et al. Galantamine treatment of vascular dementia: A randomized trial. Neurology. 2007;69(5):448–58. PMID: 17664404. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000266625.31615.f6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Moretti R, Torre P, Antonello RM, Cazzato G, Bava A. Rivastigmine in subcortical vascular dementia: a randomized, controlled, open 12-month study in 208 patients. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2003;18(5):265–72. PMID: 14569643. PMCID: PMC1083388. https://doi.org/10.1177/153331750301800508</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Thomas SJ, Grossberg GT. Memantine: A review of studies into its safety and efficacy in treating Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Clin Interv Aging. 2009;4:367–77. PMID: 19851512. PMCID: PMC2762361. https://doi.org/10.2147/cia.s6666</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Battle CE, Abdul-Rahim AH, Shenkin SD, Hewitt J, Quinn TJ. Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: A network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;2(2):CD013306. PMID: 33704781. PMCID: PMC8407366. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013306.pub2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Juan CA, Perez de la Lastra JM, Plou FJ, Perez-Lebena E. The chemistry of reactive oxygen species (ROS) revisited: Outlining their role in biological macromolecules (DNA, lipids and proteins) and induced pathologies. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(9):4642. PMID: 33924958. PMCID: PMC8125527. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094642</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Мазин П.В., Шешунов И.В., Мазина Н.К. Метааналитическая оценка клинической эффективности Цитофлавина при неврологических заболеваниях. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2017;117(3):28–39. [Mazin PV, Sheshunov IV, Mazina NK. Meta-analytical evaluation of the clinical efficacy of Cytoflavin in neurological diseases. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova = S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2017;117(3):28–39 (In Russ.)]. EDN: YJVPGT. https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro20171173128-39</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Белова Л.А., Машин В.В., Колотик-Каменева О.Ю., Прошин А.Н. Влияние терапии Цитофлавином® на функцию эндотелия и церебральную гемодинамику у больных гипертонической энцефалопатией. Антибиотики и химиотерапия. 2014;59(7–8):30–36. [Belova LA, Mashin VV, Kolotik-Kameneva OYu, Proshin AN. Cytoflavin® effect on endothelium function and cerebral hemodynamics in patients with hypertensive enceplalopathy. Antibiotiki i khimioterapiya = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy. 2014;59(7–8):30–36 (In Russ.)]. EDN: UHRLXV.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Журавлева М.В., Городецкая Г.И., Резникова Т.С., Васюкова Н.С., Архипов В.В., Сереброва С.Ю. Метааналитическая оценка клинической эффективности комплексного метаболического нейропротектора у больных с хронической ишемией головного мозга. Антибиотики и химиотерапия. 2021;66(9–10):39–53. [Zhuravleva MV, Gorodetskay GI, Reznikova TS, Vasyukova NS, Arkhipov VV, Serebrova SYu. Meta-analytical evaluation of the clinical efficacy of a complex metabolic neuroprotector in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. Antibiotiki i khimioterapiya = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy. 2021;66(9–10):39–53 (In Russ.)]. EDN: FZWLFT. https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-9-10-39-53</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Максимова М.Ю. Комбинированное действие янтарной кислоты, рибоксина, никотинамида, рибофлавина при лечении хронической ишемии головного мозга. Медицинский совет. 2022;16(21):20–26. [Maksimova MYu. Combined effect of succinic acid, riboxin, nicotinamide, riboflavin for the treatment of chronic brain ischemia. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2022;16(21):20–26 (In Russ.)]. EDN: VRKHLH. https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-21-20-26</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Гацких И.В., Веселова О.Ф., Брикман И.Н., Шалда Т.П., Варыгина Е.Л., Кузнецов М.Н. с соавт. Эффективность препарата Цитофлавин при коррекции когнитивных нарушений у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа. Экспериментальная и клиническая фармакология. 2015;78(11):21–25. [Gatskikh IV, Veselova OF, Brikman IN, Shalda TP, Varygina EL, Kuznetsov MN et al. The efficacy of Cytoflavin in the correction of cognitive impairments in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eksperimental’naya i klinicheskaya farmakologiya = Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology. 2015;78(11):21–25 (In Russ.)]. EDN: VCUHYZ.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Строков И.А., Трахтенберг Ю.А., Коваленко А.Л. Эффективность и безопасность применения Цитофлавина в терапии диабетической полинейропатии: результаты многоцентрового двойного слепого плацебо-контролируемого рандомизированного исследования ЦИЛИНДР. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2023;123(5):100–107. [Strokov IA, Trakhtenberg YuA, Kovalenko AL. Efficacy and safety of Cytoflavin in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy: results of a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized CYLINDER study. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova = S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2023;123(5):100–107 (In Russ.)]. EDN: HEXUOA. https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2023123051100</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
