TherapyTherapyТерапия2412-40362713-1823Bionika Media71760510.18565/therapy.2026.5.130-139REVIEWSОБЗОРЫReview ArticleParkinson’s disease: New methods of stimulation of deep brain structures and the role of the intestinal microbiome in pathogenesis (literature review)Болезнь Паркинсона: новые методы стимуляции глубоких структур мозга и роль микробиоты кишечника в патогенезе заболевания (литературный обзор)https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3915-36579854-6343LyubskayaLyubov A.ЛюбскаяЛюбовь Александровна
Russian Federation

MD, PhD (Medicine), associate professor of the Department of outpatient therapy

к. м. н., доцент кафедры поликлинической терапии

lyubskayala@tvgmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-6048-81296586-5347Thanh LamNguyenТхань ЛамНгуен
Russian Federation

sixth-year student of the Faculty of general medicine

студент 6 курса лечебного факультета

thanhlam9a2512000@gmail.comTver State Medical UniversityФГБОУ ВО «Тверской государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России290820261251301392908202629082026Copyright ©; 2026, “Bionika Media” LLCCopyright ©; 2026, ООО «Бионика Медиа»2026“Bionika Media” LLCООО «Бионика Медиа»https://journals.eco-vector.com/2412-4036/about/editorialPolicieshttps://journals.eco-vector.com/2412-4036/article/view/717605

The article presents a literature review of current data on Parkinson’s disease, focusing on two promising areas of research: methods for stimulating deep brain structures and the influence of the gut microbiota on the development of the disease. The main types of neuromodulatory interventions (including deep brain stimulation), their mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and limitations of use are discussed. A separate analysis of current understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis, including possible pathways of gut-brain interaction (via vagal nerve, immune system, microbial metabolites, etc.), as well as data from preclinical and clinical studies in this area is provided. The results of key publications from recent years are systematized; promising areas for further research, and potential opportunities for developing new therapeutic strategies combining neuromodulation and microbiota modification are identified in the article.

В статье представлен литературный обзор современных данных о болезни Паркинсона с акцентом на два перспективных направления исследований: методы стимуляции глубоких структур головного мозга и влияние микробиоты кишечника на развитие заболевания. Рассмотрены основные виды нейромодулирующих вмешательств (в том числе глубокая мозговая стимуляция), их механизмы действия, клиническая эффективность и ограничения применения. Отдельно проанализированы современные представления о роли кишечного микробиома в патогенезе болезни Паркинсона, включая возможные пути взаимодействия «кишечник – мозг» (через вагусный нерв, иммунную систему, метаболиты микробов и др.), а также данные доклинических и клинических исследований в этой области. В работе систематизированы результаты ключевых публикаций последних лет, обозначены перспективные направления для дальнейших исследований и потенциальные возможности разработки новых терапевтических стратегий, сочетающих нейромодуляцию и коррекцию микробиоты.

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