Clinical and demographic characteristics, prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and peculiarities of the clinical course of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in different age groups. Part one

Мұқаба

Дәйексөз келтіру

Толық мәтін

Ашық рұқсат Ашық рұқсат
Рұқсат жабық Рұқсат берілді
Рұқсат жабық Рұқсат ақылы немесе тек жазылушылар үшін

Аннотация

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common hereditary myocardial disease with evident anatomical, clinical and genetic heterogeneity.

The aim: to demonstrate the diagnostic criteria for HCM in patients with and without concomitant arterial hypertension (HCM and HCM + AH), as well as the main elements of differential diagnosis in case of clinical suspicion to phenocopies / specific causes of HCM.

Material and methods. 249 patients with the HCM phenotype were examined. Diagnosis of HCM was made in accordance with Russian clinical guidelines for HCM 2025. The criterion for HCM in adults was maximum wall thickness of the left and/or right ventricle ≥ 1.5 cm, the criterion for HCM with concomitant AH was ≥ 20 mm. When LV wall thickness in patients with HCM and concomitant arterial hypertension was found to be in the “gray zone” (15–19 mm), the conclusion about probable HCM was made basing on a thorough analysis of additional characteristics of AH and HCM phenotype.

Results. There were no cases of Fabry disease among the examined patients. In 7 participants with HCM phenotype aged 60 years and older, cardiac forms of amyloidosis were diagnosed in 6.2% of cases (2.8% of cases among all examined patients). 15 patients with a wall thickness from 15 to 19 mm in the absence of additional characteristics of arterial hypertension and HCM phenotype and 22 patients with HCM with an unspecified hereditary factor were referred for additional examination (magnetic resonance imaging with contrast and, accordingly, examination of the proband’s family members in the 2nd–3rd generations). HCM with a specified heredity factor was verified in 205 patients aged 18 to 87 years (58 [42; 65]) and was represented by the categories of HCM (34.6%) and HCM + AH (65.4%). Criteria for diagnosing HCM with and without AH were followed. In the group as a whole, the incidence of AH in case of non-familial HCM reached 81.3%, in non-familial HCM in the age category ≥ 45 years – 84.8%.

Conclusion. In patients aged 60 years and older, cardiac forms of amyloidosis were diagnosed by us in 6.2% of cases. The overwhelming majority of patients with HCM phenotype were diagnosed with familial and non-familial HCM. In general, the cohort of patients with HCM + AH in combination with other cardiometabolic risk factors and without them accounted for 65.4%.

Толық мәтін

Рұқсат жабық

Авторлар туралы

Alexandra Gudkova

Pavlov University; Almazov National Medical Research Centre

Email: alexagood-1954@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0156-8821
SPIN-код: 7246-7349

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor of the Department of faculty therapy with a course in endocrinology, cardiology with the clinic named after academician G.F. Lang, head of the Department of cardiomyopathies of the Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Scientific and Clinical Research Center, leading researcher at the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics

Ресей, Saint Petersburg; Saint Petersburg

Tinatin Bezhanishvili

Pavlov University

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: tinatin93@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3167-6340
SPIN-код: 7888-2100

MD, assistant at the Department of faculty therapy with a course in endocrinology, cardiology with the clinic named after academician G.F. Lang, junior researcher at the Department of cardiomyopathies, Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Scientific and Clinical Research Center

Ресей, Saint Petersburg

Әдебиет тізімі

  1. Клинические рекомендации. Гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия. Ассоциация сердечно-сосудистых хирургов России, общероссийская общественная организация «Российское кардиологическое общество», Российское общество медицинских генетиков. Рубрикатор клинических рекомендаций Минздрава России. 2025. ID: 283_2. Доступ: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/283_2 (дата обращения – 18.07.2025). [Clinical guidelines. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Association of Cardiovascular Surgeons of Russia, Russian Society of Cardiology, Russian Society of Medical Geneticists. Rubricator of clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. 2025. ID: 283_2. URL: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/283_2 (date of access – 18.07.2025) (In Russ.)].
  2. Verheyen N, Auer J, Bonaros N, Buchacher T, Dalos D, Grimm M et al. Austrian consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2024;136(Suppl 15):571–97. PMID: 39352517. PMCID: PMC11445290. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00508-024-02442-1
  3. Ommen SR, Ho CY, Asif IM, Balaji S, Burke MA, Day SM et al.; Peer Review Committee Members. 2024 AHA/ACC/AMSSM/HRS/PACES/SCMR guideline for the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A report of the American Heart Association / American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2024;149(23):e1239–e1311. PMID: 38718139. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001250
  4. Crean AM, Adler A, Arbour L, Chan J, Christian S, Cooper RM et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society clinical practice update on contemporary management of the patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol. 2024;40(9):1503–23. PMID: 38880398. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.06.007
  5. Arbelo E, Protonotarios A, Gimeno JR, Arbustini E, Barriales-Villa R, Basso C et al.; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(37):3503–626. PMID: 37622657. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad194
  6. Chumakova OS, Drobyazko OA, Stepanova EA, Pushkov AA, Savostyanov KV, Zateyshchikov DA. Case series: Genetic mimics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in elderly. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2025;12:1483390. PMID: 40574817. PMCID: PMC12198175. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1483390
  7. Ingles J, Burns C, Bagnall RD, Lam L, Yeates L, Sarina T et al. Nonfamilial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Prevalence, natural history, and clinical implications. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2017;10(2):e001620. PMID: 28408708. https://doi.org/10.1161/circgenetics.116.001620
  8. Maron BA, Wang RS, Carnethon MR, Rowin EJ, Loscalzo J, Maron BJ, Maron MS. What causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? Am J Cardiol. 2022;179:74–82. PMID: 35843734. PMCID: PMC9818026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.06.017
  9. Lakdawala NK, Olivotto I, Day SM, Han L, Ashley EA, Michels M et al. Associations between female sex, sarcomere variants, and clinical outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circ Genom Precis Med. 2021;14(1):e003062. PMID: 33284039. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCGEN.120.003062
  10. Fumagalli C, Maurizi N, Day SM, Ashley EA, Michels M, Colan SD et al.; SHARE Investigators. Association of obesity with adverse long-term outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(1):65–72. PMID: 31693057. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2019.4268
  11. Клинические рекомендации. Артериальная гипертензия у взрослых. Общероссийская общественная организация «Российское кардиологическое общество», Общероссийская общественная организация «Российское научное медицинское общество терапевтов». Рубрикатор клинических рекомендаций Минздрава России. 2024. ID: 62_3. Доступ: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/preview-cr/62_3 (дата обращения – 18.07.2025). [Clinical guidelines. Arterial hypertension in adults. Russian Cardiology Society, Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine. Rubricator of clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. 2024. ID: 62_3. URL: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/preview-cr/62_3 (date of access – 18.07.2025) (In Russ.)].
  12. Клинические рекомендации. Ожирение. Российская ассоциация эндокринологов, Общество бариатрических хирургов. Рубрикатор клинических рекомендаций Минздрава России. 2024. ID: 28_3. Доступ: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/28_3 (дата обращения – 18.07.2025). [Clinical guidelines. Obesity. Russian Association of Endocrinology, Society of Bariatric Surgeons. Rubricator of clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. 2024. ID: 28_3. URL: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/28_3 (date of access – 18.07.2025) (In Russ.)].
  13. Клинические рекомендации. Сахарный диабет 2 типа у взрослых. Российская ассоциация эндокринологов. Рубрикатор клинических рекомендаций Минздрава России. 2022. ID: 290_2. Доступ: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/290_2 (дата обращения – 18.07.2025). [Clinical guidelines. Diabetes mellitus type 2 in adults. Russian Association of Endocrinology. Rubricator of clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. 2022. ID: 290_2. URL: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/290_2 (date of access – 18.07.2025) (In Russ.)].
  14. Клинические рекомендации. Болезнь Фабри. Ассоциация медицинских генетиков, Союз педиатров России. Рубрикатор клинических рекомендаций Минздрава России. 2024. ID: 318_2. Доступ: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/318_2 (дата обращения – 18.07.2025). [Clinical guidelines. Fabry disease. Association of Medical Geneticists, Union of Pediatricians of Russia. Rubricator of clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. 2024. ID: 318_2. URL: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/318_2 (date of access – 18.07.2025) (In Russ.)].
  15. Лысенко Л.В., Рамеев В.В., Моисеев С.В., Благова О.В., Богданов Э.И., Гендлин Г.Е. с соавт. Клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению системного амилоидоза. Клиническая фармакология и терапия. 2020;29(1):13–24. [Lysenko LV, Rameev VV, Moiseev SV, Blagova OV, Bogdanov EI, Gendlin GE et al. Clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of systemic amyloidosis. Klinicheskaya farmakologiya i terapiya = Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy. 2020;29(1):13–24 (In Russ.)]. EDN: UCEZAB. https://doi.org/10.32756/0869-5490-2020-1-13-24
  16. Терещенко С.Н., Жиров И.В., Моисеева О.М., Адашева Т.В., Аншелес А.А., Барбараш О.Л. с соавт. Практические рекомендации по диагностике транстиретиновой амилоидной кардиомиопатии (ATTR-КМП или транстиретинового амилоидоза сердца). Терапевтический архив. 2022;94(4):584–595. [Tereshchenko SN, Zhirov IV, Moiseeva OM, Adasheva TV, Ansheles AA, Barbarash OL et al. Practical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM or transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis). Terapevticheskiy arkhiv = Therapeutic Archive. 2022;94(4):584–595 (In Russ.)]. EDN: DYWRYZ. https://doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2022.04.201465
  17. Severinsen T, Gudmundsdottir HL, Axelsson Raja A, Fosbol EL, Bundgaard H, Thune JJ. Validity of a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnosis in adult patients in the Danish National Patient Register. Clin Epidemiol. 2024;16:743–51. PMID: 39464788. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S467341
  18. Magnusson P, Palm A, Branden E, Morner S. Misclassification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Validation of diagnostic codes. Clin Epidemiol. 2017;9:403–10. PMID: 28848363. PMCID: PMC5557115. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S139300
  19. Nielsen SK, Rasmussen TB, Hey TM, Zaremba T, Lassen JF, Mogensen J. Frequency of misdiagnosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2025;11(2):105–12. PMID: 38664062. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjqcco/qcae031
  20. Соловьев К.В., Грудинина Н.А., Семернин Е.Н., Морозова И.В., Смирнова С.А., Поляков Д.С. с соавт. Мутации V30M, H90N и del9 в гене транстиретина у больных кардиомиопатиями в Санкт-Петербурге. Генетика. 2011;47(4):543–549. [Soloviev KV, Grudinina NA, Semernin EN, Morozova IV, Smirnova SA, Polyakov DS et al. Transthyretin gene V30M, H90N, and del9 mutations in cardiomyopathy patients from Saint Petersburg. Genetika = Genetics. 2011;47(4):543–549 (In Russ.)]. PMID: 21675244.
  21. Полякова А.А., Семернин Е.Н., Гудкова А.Я. Особенности клинического течения гипертрофической кардиомиопатии и роль полиморфных вариантов в интронной и промоторной областях гена альфа-галактозидазы А. Ученые записки Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета им. академика И.П. Павлова. 2015;22(4):61–65. [Poliakova AA, Semernin EN, Gudkova AYa. The clinical course of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the role of polymorphisms in the intronic and promoter regions of the gene alpha-galactosidase A. Uchenyye zapiski Pervogo Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo meditsinskogo universiteta imeni akademika I.P. Pavlova = The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University. 2015;22(4):61–65 (In Russ.)]. EDN: WCPMSF. https://doi.org/10.24884/1607-4181-2015-22-4-61-65
  22. удкова А.Я., Семернин Е.Н., Полякова А.А., Крутиков А.Н., Соловьев К.В., Грудинина Н.А., Шавловский М.М. Спектр мутаций в гене транстиретина в когорте пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Трансляционная медицина. 2016;3(1):34–38. [Gudkova AYa, Semernin EN, Polyakova AA, Krutikov AN, Soloviev KV, Grudinina NA, Shavlovsky MM. The spectrum of mutations of the transthyretin gene in a cohort of patients with chronic heart failure. Translyatsionnaya meditsina = Translational Medicine. 2016;3(1):34–38 (In Russ.)]. EDN: XBBAPT.
  23. Гудкова А.Я., Полякова А.А., Амелин А.В., Моисеева О.М., Крутиков А.Н., Тишкова В.М. с соавт. Не val30met-транстиретиновая амилоидная кардиомиопатия. Обзор сведений литературы и клиническое наблюдение. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2018;23(2):121–128. [Gudkovа AYa, Poliakova AA, Amelin АV, Moiseeva OM, Krutikov AN, Tishkova VM et al. Non-val30met-transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. Literature review and clinical case. Rossiyskiy kardiologicheskiy zhurnal = Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2018;23(2):121–128 (In Russ.)]. EDN: YRGRBO. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2018-2-121-128
  24. Гудкова А.Я., Амелин А.В., Крутиков А.Н., Полякова А.А., Сафьянова Н.В., Шавловский М.М. с соавт. Val30Met-транстиретиновая амилоидная полиневропатия и кардиомиопатия (обзор литературы и клиническое наблюдение). Consilium Medicum. 2017;19(12):109–116. [Gudkova AYa, Amelin AV, Krutikov AN, Polyakova AA, Safyanova NV, Shavlovskiy MM et al. Val30Met-transthyrethin amyloid polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy (review of literature and case report). Consilium Medicum. 2017;19(12):109–116 (In Russ.)]. EDN: YWEAXT. https://doi.org/10.26442/2075-1753_19.12.109-116
  25. Лигидов М.Л., Крутиков А.Н., Полякова А.А., Агеева В.В., Лапекин С.В., Амелин А.В. с соавт. Диагностика приобретенной транстиретиновой амилоидной кардиомиопатии врачами первичного звена здравоохранения Санкт-Петербурга. Обзор литературы и клинический случай. Новые Санкт-Петербургские врачебные ведомости. 2024;(1):42–56. [Ligidov ML, Krutikov AN, Poliakova AА, Ageeva VV, Lapekin SV, Amelin AV et al. Diagnosis of wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy by primary care physicians in Saint Petersburg. Literature review and clinical case. Novyye Sankt-Peterburgskiye vrachebnyye vedomosti = New Saint Petersburg Medical Records. 2024;(1):42–56 (In Russ.)]. EDN: EWXXXX. https://doi.org/10.24884/1609-2201-2024-103-1-42-56
  26. Lenders M, Menke ER, Brand E. Progress and challenges in the treatment of Fabry disease. BioDrugs. 2025;39(4):517–35. PMID: 40310476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40259-025-00723-3
  27. Eng CM, Fletcher J, Wilcox WR, Waldek S, Scott CR, Sillence DO et al. Fabry disease: Baseline medical characteristics of a cohort of 1765 males and females in the Fabry Registry. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2007;30(2):184–92. PMID: 17347915. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10545-007-0521-2
  28. Azevedo O, Marques N, Reis L, Cruz I, Craveiro N, Antunes H et al. Predictors of Fabry disease in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: How to guide the diagnostic strategy? Am Heart J. 2020;226:114–26. PMID: 32531501. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.04.006
  29. Linhart A, Germain DP, Olivotto I, Akhtar MM, Anastasakis A, Hughes D et al. An expert consensus document on the management of cardiovascular manifestations of Fabry disease. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(7):1076–96. PMID: 32640076. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1960
  30. Antezana-Chavez E, Cianciulli TF, Hadid CL, Toro DD, Celano L, Saccheri MC et al. Value of electrocardiography to distinguish Fabry disease from sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 2022;178:131–36. PMID: 35810008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.05.021
  31. Vitale G, Ditaranto R, Graziani F, Tanini I, Camporeale A, Lillo R et al. Standard ECG for differential diagnosis between Anderson – Fabry disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart. 2022;108(1):54–60. PMID: 33563631. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318271
  32. Rozenbaum MH, Large S, Bhambri R, Stewart M, Whelan J, van Doornewaard A et al. Impact of delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis for patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM): A targeted literature review. Cardiol Ther. 2021;10(1):141–59. PMID: 33877591. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40119-021-00219-5
  33. Nativi-Nicolau JN, Karam C, Khella S, Maurer MS. Screening for ATTR amyloidosis in the clinic: Overlapping disorders, misdiagnosis, and multiorgan awareness. Heart Fail Rev. 2022;27(3):785–93. PMID: 33609196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-021-10080-2
  34. Valentini F, Anselmi F, Metra M, Cavigli L, Giacomin E, Focardi M et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of low QRS voltages in cardiomyopathies: Old but gold. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2022;29(8):1177–87. PMID: 33624098. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa027
  35. Bukhari S. Cardiac amyloidosis: State-of-the-art review. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2023;20(5):361–75. PMID: 37397865. https://doi.org/10.26599/1671-5411.2023.05.006
  36. Rapezzi C, Merlini G, Quarta CC, Riva L, Longhi S, Leone O et al. Systemic cardiac amyloidoses: Disease profiles and clinical courses of the 3 main types. Circulation. 2009;120(13):1203–12. PMID: 19752327. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.843334
  37. The American Society of Nuclear Cardiology. ASNC practice points: 99mTechnetium-Pyrophosphate imaging for transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. URL: http://www.asnc.org/Files/Practice%20Resources/Practice%20Points/ASNC%20Practice%20Point-99mTechnetiumPyrophosphateImaging2016.pdf (date of access – 18.07.2025).
  38. Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28(1):1–39.e14. PMID: 25559473. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003
  39. Lopes LR, Losi MA, Sheikh N, Laroche C, Charron P, Gimeno J et al.; Cardiomyopathy Registry Investigators Group. Association between common cardiovascular risk factors and clinical phenotype in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) EurObservational Research Programme (EORP) Cardiomyopathy/Myocarditis registry. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2022;9(1):42–53. PMID: 35138368. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjqcco/qcac006
  40. Derda AA, Abelmann M, Sonnenschein K, Sieweke JT, Bavendiek U, Bauersachs J et al. Discontinuation of afterload-reducing drugs decreases left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2024;11:1403422. PMID: 39081367. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2024.1403422
  41. Gonzalez A, Ravassa S, Lopez B, Moreno MU, Beaumont J, San Jose G et al. Myocardial remodeling in hypertension. Hypertension. 2018;72(3):549–58. PMID: 30354762. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11125
  42. Bhatheja S, Panchal HB, Ventura H, Paul TK. Obesity cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiologic factors and nosologic reevaluation. Am J Med Sci. 2016;352(2):219–22. PMID: 27524223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2016.05.014
  43. Claes GR, van Tienen FH, Lindsey P, Krapels IP, Helderman-van den Enden AT, Hoos MB et al. Hypertrophic remodelling in cardiac regulatory myosin light chain (MYL2) founder mutation carriers. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(23):1815–22. PMID: 26497160. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv522
  44. Schoonvelde SAC, Nollet EE, Zwetsloot PP, Knackstedt C, Germans T, Hirsch A et al. Genotype-negative hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Exploring the role of cardiovascular risk factors in disease expression. Int J Cardiol. 2025;437:133444. PMID: 40466972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133444
  45. Perez-Sanchez I, Romero-Puche AJ, Garcia-Molina Saez E, Sabater-Molina M, Lopez-Ayala JM, Munoz-Esparza C et al. Factors influencing the phenotypic expression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in genetic carriers. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2018;71(3):146–54. PMID: 28687478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2017.06.002
  46. Arabadjian M, Nicolas B, Montgomery S, Pleasure M, Collins M, Reuter M et al. Clinical course and outcomes in adults with co-occurring hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertension: A scoping review protocol. BMJ Open. 2023;13(7):e075087. PMID: 37463810. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075087
  47. Arabadjian M, Montgomery S, Pleasure M, Nicolas B, Collins M, Reuter M et al. Clinical course of adults with co-occurring hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertension: A scoping review. Am Heart J Plus. 2024;39:100367. PMID: 38510995. PMCID: PMC10945972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100367
  48. Zytnick D, Heard D, Ahmad F, Cresci S, Owens AT, Shay CM. Exploring experiences of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnosis, treatment, and impacts on quality of life among middle-aged and older adults: An interview study. Heart Lung. 2021;50(6):788–93. PMID: 34225089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.06.004
  49. Maron BJ, Rowin EJ, Ambe SP, Maron MS. Changing demographics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and implications for management: Clinical research. Am J Med. 2022;135(10):1244–46. PMID: 35649468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.05.006
  50. Rodrigues JC, Rohan S, Ghosh Dastidar A, Harries I, Lawton CB, Ratcliffe LE et al. Hypertensive heart disease versus hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Multi-parametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance discriminators when end-diastolic wall thickness ≥ 15 mm. Eur Radiol. 2017;27(3):1125–35. PMID: 27368925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-016-4468-2
  51. Geske JB, Ommen SR, Gersh BJ. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Clinical update. JACC Heart Fail. 2018;6(5):364–75. PMID: 29655825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2018.02.010
  52. Rodrigues JC, Amadu AM, Dastidar AG, Hassan N, Lyen SM, Lawton CB et al. Prevalence and predictors of asymmetric hypertensive heart disease: Insights from cardiac and aortic function with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;17(12):1405–13. PMID: 26705488. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jev329
  53. Maron BJ, Edwards JE, Epstein SE. Disproportionate ventricular thickening in patients with systemic hypertension. Chest. 1978;73(4):466–70. PMID: 630963. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.73.4.466
  54. Ежова А.В., Зайцев В.В., Ишмухаметов Г.И., Андреева С.Е., Антонова А.П., Даутов Д.Р. c соавт. Значение традиционных факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в фенотипических проявлениях гипертрофической кардиомиопатии. Артериальная гипертензия. 2023;29(4):371–379. [Ezhova AV, Zaitsev VV, Ishmukhametov GI, Andreeva SE, Antonova AP, Dautov DR et al. Association between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and clinical phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Arterial’naya gipertenziya = Arterial Hypertension. 2023;29(4):371–379 (In Russ.)]. EDN: FJFUNN. https://doi.org/10.18705/1607-419X-2023-29-4-371-379

Қосымша файлдар

Қосымша файлдар
Әрекет
1. JATS XML
Жүктеу
2. 1. Study design and diagnostic criteria for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in certain categories of patients: with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and its combination with arterial hypertension

Жүктеу (363KB)
Метадеректер
3. 2. "Red flags" of phenotypes and specific causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Жүктеу (845KB)
Метадеректер

© Bionika Media, 2025