Obesity in medical students: What has changed in 18 years

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Resumo

Obesity (OB) still retains a leading role in the development of associated clinical conditions in case of cardiovascular system pathology among the population of various age groups.

The aim: to study the prevalence of risk factors for obesity and excess body weight (EBW) development and assess the dynamics of these parameters in young individuals examined in 2005 and 2023.

Material and methods. Using questionnaires specially developed by the authors, the prevalence of overweight and obesity and risk factors for their occurrence were determined, taking into account the type of eating behavior of patients. Based on the analysis of their food diaries and self-observation, the diet and regularity of eating were estimated.

Results. Comparing data from 2005 and 2023, we found that students’ nutrition is still remaining irrational and irregular, although there are some positive trends (increase in fresh vegetables and fruits in the diet, protein foods for breakfast). In 2023, the number of first-year students with EBW and OB increased comparatively to 2005, when these diseases were not encountered at all among this cohort. This may indicate an increase in the number of cases of obesity among adolescents. The range of bad habits has also changed. In 2023, in general, 6 ± 1.5% of respondents smoke, but among people with EBW and OB, the same figure is 25%. The number of beer drinkers in general has also significantly decreased, and among people with EBW, not a single person consumed this drink in 2023. The prevalence of physical inactivity among students has decreased slightly over 18 years, but this difference is not significant. In students with EBW and OB, tonus of sympathetic nervous system and emotiogenic type of eating behavior are predominating, and their general well-being is worse.

Conclusion. Contemporary students (2023) are more objective concerning their body weight, less turn to restrictive diets without reason comparatively to students in 2005. At the same time, 87% of respondents in 2023 did not take any action to reduce body weight.

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Sobre autores

Svetlana Zhuchkova

I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: crista007@mail.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2295-1363

MD, PhD (Medicine), associate professor of the Department of faculty and hospital therapy

Rússia, Cheboksary

Elena Busalaeva

I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University; Institute for Advanced Medical Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of Chuvashia

Email: busa-elena@yandex.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7313-0365

MD, PhD (Medicine), associate professor of the Department of faculty and hospital therapy; associate professor of the Department of therapy and family medicine

Rússia, Cheboksary; Cheboksary

Tatyana Markova

City Clinical Hospital No. 52 of the Department of Healthcare of Moscow; Russian University of Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia

Email: markovatn18@yandex.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8798-887X

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, professor of the Department of endocrinology and diabetology; head of the Department of endocrinology

Rússia, Moscow; Moscow

Victoria Semenova

JSC Sanatorium “Chuvashiyakurort”

Email: danon9608@mail.ru
ORCID ID: 0009-0000-7275-4600

general practitioner

Rússia, Cheboksary

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