Diagnosis of anemia

Diagnosis of anemia both as a syndrome and nosological entity is presented on the basis of classification of anemia on the mean red cell volume (MCV): micro-, normo- and macrocytic anemia, generally accepted in the world. At the beginning of the lecture, diagnosis of microcytic anemia is provided, including the most common forms - iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease. This group includes sideroblastic anemia that may result from myelodysplastic syndrome or lead intoxication, as well as a separate nosology - thalassemia. Among macrocytic anemia, megaloblastic anemia mainly related to vitamin B12 deficiency is primarily discussed. Normocytic anemia is derived primarily from the loss of blood, occurs in chronic diseases, and includes hemolytic anemia (spherocytosis, sickle cell anemia), etc. In addition to the traditional approach to the diagnosis of anemia adopted in Russia, algorithms of diagnostics in different clinical groups of patients is presented (anemia of critical illness, anemia in the elderly).

microcytic anemia, normocytic anemia, macrocytic anemia, anemia in the elderly, differential diagnosis