The qualitative side of food security is evidenced by the structural side of saturation of the consumer market, provided that food products of different food groups are physically and economically accessible. Fish and fishery products are the most important component of human nutrition. In the Russian fisheries, there is an increase in the volume of catch, extraction and production of fish and other aquatic organisms. The increase in the volume of fish and aquatic organisms cultivation in 2017-2021 compared to 2002-2006 amounted to 229.5%. This is 73.8% more than the growth rate of fishing and production in the seas and inland waters of the country. Marine aquaculture received the most dynamic development in 2017-2021. The volume of its production increased 3.2 times to 182.0 thousand tons, but freshwater fish farming showed a more stable position of development over the previous decade. In Russia, all categories of management with different levels of fish production intensity are developing. The low level of aquaculture production efficiency is shown. The conclusion about the need to improve the reproductive contour of the industry is made. Sustainable growth of aquaculture in Russia can be achieved only with an integrated approach to the formation of the production potential and the creation of internal impulses to stimulate its development. From a strategic point of view, the problem of ensuring the uniform consumption of fish by the population living throughout the country should be solved.