Current aspects of the production of planting grapes of the highest quality categories

The research was carried out in order to develop an algorithm for the production of planting material for grapes of the highest quality categories using modern bio- and digital technologies based on the identification of the influence of agrometeorological (weather) and chemical and man-made factors on the yield of seedlings. The work used materials from nursery breeding organizations of the Krasnodar Territory for 2000–2024, databases of agro-climatic indicators of the grape growing region. The key problems requiring the adjustment of the methodological foundations of the production of planting grapes of the highest quality categories have been identified. Based on the correlation analysis, a relationship was established between the influence of agrometeorological (weather) conditions on the yield of planting material (the relationship is statically significant, as evidenced by various statistical me trics: the coefficient of determination is 0.915, the standard error of the model is 0.32, the P-value (F) is 64.5, the Akaike criterion is 1.35). The calculated decapling effect (integral score 0.32) allows us to conclude that there is an increase in pesticide pressure and pathogenic effects on the elements of the grape nursery system, which reduces the yield of planting material of the highest quality categories. It has been established that the cultivation of seedlings of the highest quality categories should be carried out taking into account the revealed direct relationship between their production and chemical and man-made impacts, applied agrobiotechnologies in accordance with the current regulatory framework and the developed algorithm. The features of the proposed algorithm are: the introduction of the «candidate for source plants» category, the inclusion of additional testing for viruses, bacteria, phytoplasmas and other harmful organisms, the maintenance of source plants in protected soil conditions, the inclusion of varietal and phytosanitary testing of the «source» grape queen no earlier than the second year of vegetation. Taking into account the predicted technological shifts and the peculiarities of the production of grape seed as a perennial crop, it was determined that the most promising ways of growing it will be biotechnologies based on molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering; bioinformatics; nano- and cellular technologies; artificial intelligence systems.