Vol 16, No 1 (2026)

Preservation of cultural heritage is one of the most important tasks in the modern world. But time is inexorable and destruction of structures is inevitable, especially if they are in aggressive conditions. This article considers the possibility of conservation and protection of such architectural elements as natural stone finishing and mosaic panels. Design solutions are proposed that will allow with minimal financial costs to carry out work on temporary, and if necessary, long-term strengthening of structures. At the same time, the proposed solutions allow using them to hold in the design position or fix mosaics, which in any other cases is impossible and requires a complete re-laying of the panel. Such materials as transparent organic glass, plates and corners made of stainless materials and chemical anchors are used as fasteners. Their use does not require highly qualified workers and complex equipment. At the same time, the following tasks are achieved: preservation of the appearance, fixation of the entire structure and safety of operation.

Sorption extraction of metals is one of the effective methods for treating galvanic effluents. The subject of the study was both model and real wastewater from the production of galvanic coatings containing copper, zinc and nickel ions with the following concentrations: Cu²⁺_ini = 60 mg/dm³; Ni²⁺_ini = 15 mg/dm³; Zn²⁺_ini = 20 mg/dm³, which are characteristic of most wastewater from galvanic production. The conducted analysis of the obtained experimental data on sorption neutralization of these effluents using a modified sorbent made it possible to obtain kinetic dependences of metal ion sorption on temperature, to confirm the effect of the solution temperature on the sorption capacity (based on thermodynamic calculations).

An analysis of the accident rate on the water supply networks of the city of Samara was carried out with an indication of the main causes of emergencies, the most vulnerable areas were identified, which will make it possible to propose recommendations for improving the reliability of water-water systems. Statistical data on accidents on water networks of Samara for a certain period were processed. The causes of accidents and marriages on the water supply network and on the water supply and sewerage systems in general are indicated. Classification of accidents on networks by types and possible causes of their occurrence is given. Statistics on the occurrence of emergency situations by seasons are provided, as well as the number of accidents that occur for various reasons is clearly shown: pipes, pipeline termination failure, longitudinal fracture, transverse fracture, failure of shut-off and control valves, rupture of welded joints, leakiness of flange connections and leakage of the gland seal.

Addresses a pressing environmental and resource saving issue – the disposal of wastewater treatment plant residues, using the example of the Chusovoy Treatment Facilities (CTF) in the Perm Region. Annually, the CTF generate over 3 594 tons of sludge (cake) and significant volumes of spent activated carbon, which are currently stored without processing. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the initial raw materials: the granulometric, chemical, and mineral compositions of clays and waste residues were determined. The binding capacity of clays was experimentally investigated when the studied CTF residues were introduced into the batch mixture. The results of a mathematically designed experiment aimed at improving moulding properties – while maintaining acceptable levels of shrinkage and porosity – allowed the researchers to establish the optimal content of residues in the ceramic batch mixture: up to 30  % cake and up to 20  % spent activated carbon. The findings confirm the promising potential of using wastewater treatment residues in ceramic production. This approach contributes to solving the problem of residue disposal and expanding the raw material base for the construction industry.

An analysis of the logistics system for the construction of hinged ventilated facades was considered and problems were identified when supplying the necessary resources for work at the construction site. Possible ways to increase the efficiency of organizational and technological solutions in the logistics system through a clear algorithm of interaction between participants in metaric and technical support, electronic information systems, as well as artificial intelligence are presented. A multifunctional block diagram of material and technical support for the arrangement of hinged ventilated facades is presented in graphic form, which establishes a procedure that allows for the material and technical support of construction facilities in a certain sequence.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the possibility of applying the concept of lean production (Lean-technology) by the design organization. The key principles of Kaizen are considered. The application of this concept should lead to an increase in the marginality of the production of design documentation. Lean manufacturing techniques are most often considered for use in the production of material goods, such as cars. Lean technologies have proven their effectiveness in these industries, as evidenced by examples around the world. By analogy with industry, Lean technologies began to be used in construction production. However, the advantages of lean construction techniques are considered through clear cost reductions during the construction phase. This means that Lean technologies of the design stage serve to reduce costs during the construction stage. The article discusses the potential of lean manufacturing techniques as a method of managing a project organization to reduce costs in the production of project documentation. That is, additional opportunities are considered to increase the marginality of activities that arise in lean manufacturing for the project organization. By introducing lean production methods, the project company helps to reduce costs not only at the construction stage, but also reduces its own costs for the production of project documentation, which is directly in the interests of the company itself.

Technogenic products formed at oil refining enterprises are often called sludges. One of the main pollutants of the Samara River is the Novokuibyshevskaya Petrochemical Company Joint Stock Company (NNK JSC). Dust and sludge from wind and water accumulate in ecological systems and become extremely dangerous to the environment. Among the most hazardous waste of NNK JSC are spent catalysts (IM-2201), a significant amount of which in the form of dry pulverized catalyst and sludge is formed at various plants and is still practically not used, accumulating in dumps. Scientific research on the Samara River, the largest tributary of the Volga, shows that the Samara River, in accordance with the water pollution index, is included in the 4th category and is characterized as “polluted.” The article shows the recycling of sludge waste into the technology for producing porous aggregate with rational technical indicators, which will result in the neutralization of production waste. The technology for forming porous structures described in the study is protected by the corresponding patent.

In the context of active urbanization, cities are rapidly losing their historical appearance. The estates that once defined the scale and character of the urban fabric have been demolished, damaged by improper restoration, and placed in a discordant environment that disregards historical proportions, rhythm, and stylistic features. This disruption of the historical urban environment leads to a depletion of the cultural landscape and a loss of the unique character of urban spaces. This article analyzes the historical and cultural heritage of the V.I. Surikov Museum-Estate in the city of Krasnoyarsk, defines criteria for assessing the integrity of the estate’s architectural environment, and formulates recommendations for its preservation and restoration.

The article is devoted to the scientific heritage of the Leningrad urban architect V.I. Smirnova (1931–2011). His scientific activity is highlighted, the main directions of research at different stages of life are shown. His path is described as a teacher and supervisor of graduate students. The relevance of the topic of the article lies in the study, in addition to the design, scientific heritage of V.I. Smirnova. The purpose of the article is to reveal the main directions of scientific research and interests at different periods of V.I. Smirnov and the results of his pedagogical experience. A number of important tasks are outlined: to determine the main life stages of the architect-urban planner V.I. Smirnova; identify the directions of his scientific research; to study his teaching experience and experience leading graduate students. The search for solutions to the tasks was carried out on the basis of the preserved archival data of V.I. Smirnov and the memoirs of colleagues.

An attempt was made to review scientific research in the field of urban development of historical cities, historical settlements, the theoretical foundations of the sustainable development of historical settlements. The development of historical settlements is considered from the perspective of the idea of historical, architectural, urban planning heritage as non-renewable material cultural resources - objects of cultural heritage (historical and cultural monuments), valuable city-forming objects and objects of protection of historical settlements, which are the competitive advantage of such settlements in relation to other territories. A consolidated analysis of research areas on this topic was performed. Scientific and other works devoted to historical cities, their preservation and development are considered. A classification table of generalization of scientific research on the topic of preservation and development of historical territories, historical cities and historical settlements is given. Areas of research based on architectural, urban planning and socio-economic aspects have been identified.

The article explores the relationship between architecture and sculpture, the interconnection between these two visual arts, and their significance and complexity in creating a cohesive and harmonious urban landscape. Drawing on the work of Karslyan Stepan Ovsepovich, the article demonstrates how these arts can be used to unite space, enhance the urban environment, and enrich everyday life with emotional and educational content. In the integration of architectural and sculptural forms, architecture takes center stage as the foundation that connects the sculptural artwork and the viewer. However, a full-fledged and impressive synthesis of architecture and sculpture can only be achieved through a mutual exchange of ideas and agreement between the architect and the sculptor. A well-structured dialogue can not only awaken the observer’s superficial perception of forms and plasticity, but also encourage them to engage in deeper reflection on the eternal questions of human existence and seek solutions to timeless dilemmas.

This article examines the prerequisites and reasons for the emergence of the first coworking spaces. It analyzes the stages of development and the transformation of the term “coworking” over time. The role of the founders of the first coworking spaces in the development and spread of coworking, as well as in the creation of the coworking community, is determined. The key events that significantly influenced the spread and popularization of coworking spaces worldwide are presented and analyzed step by step. The results of this work provide insight into the fundamental moments and actions that influenced coworking spaces and their development, as well as the role of individuals in the processes of creation, spread, and transformation of coworking spaces into a global movement.

The article discusses some methodological foundations of the structural and functional organization of the urban planning system – the city. Definitions are given for generally accepted urban planning terms, but not fixed by law, such as: urban planning system; planning structure; element of the planning structure; spatial framework; planning organization of the territory; existing and planned red lines. The paper provides proposals for improving the current model of urban planning by creating a hierarchical planning structure and incorporating a single red line plan into the rules of land use and development in order to resolve conflicts in the areas of urban planning and land and property relations, as well as to create the main urban public space, the street and road network, which defines the development corridors for transport and engineering infrastructure.

The article discusses the features of architectural form formation and construction technologies for green business centers, taking into account the natural and climatic characteristics of the design site. It analyzes and compares environmental standards for offices. Based on the studied examples of foreign and domestic office centers that are certified according to environmental standards, the article identifies techniques that influence the form of buildings. The research results in an author’s concept of an environmental assessment system consisting of five sections: urban layout; environmental sustainability of the area; natural and climatic characteristics of the site; energy efficiency; and materials and waste. The proposed environmental assessment model allows for a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of architectural and planning solutions for existing facilities and new offices, taking into account the urban planning and natural and climatic conditions of the site.