Wood quality analysis of triploid and diploid white poplar hybrids in Voronezh region

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The article presents an analysis of the growth and wood quality of four diploid (2n = 38) and triploid (2n = 57) white poplar (Populus alba L.) hybrid clones, produced using diploid (2n) pollen artificially induced by elevated temperatures. New data on wood quality, including density and structural characteristics of wood fibers, are reported for 34-year-old triploid hybrids grown in mixed-ploidy poplar test plantations in the Voronezh Region. Analysis revealed differences in growth and wood quality among the triploid hybrids, attributed to their genetic characteristics. We suggest that the use of 2n gametes with high heterozygosity, formed in our case due to the absence of chromosome conjugation and segregation during the first meiotic division under heat induction, can promote the high growth and productivity of triploids. The triploid hybrid no. 65 and diploid hybrid no. 184 exhibited the best performance in the region, with superior growth, trunk volume, wood density, and fiber length and thickness. Specifically, their wood fiber lengths (1,43 mm and 1,35 mm) exceed their fiber thicknesses (0,0217 mm and 0,021 mm) by 66 and 64 times, respectively, making them promising for paper production. These hybrids also showed the highest wood densities (372 kg/m3 for no. 65 and 364 kg/m3 for no. 184). The study suggests that establishing forest plantations allocated to wood production with selected diploid and triploid white poplar hybrids is a promising approach for forest-steppe conditions.

About the authors

Inna N. Varivodina

All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology

Author for correspondence.
Email: varivodinna@rambler.ru

Cand. Sci. (Tech.), Head of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Department (Forest Biotechnology Center)

Russian Federation, 105, Lomonosov St., 394087, Voronezh

Olga S. Mashkina

All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology; Voronezh State University

Email: mashkinaos@mail.ru

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher of the Department of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology; Associate Professor

Russian Federation, 105, Lomonosov St., 394087, Voronezh; 1, Universitetskaya Sq., 394018, Voronezh

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2. Fig. 1. Trees of diploid clone No. 184 (а, б) and triploid clone no. 65 (в, г) of white poplar hybrids at the ages of 29 years (а, в) and 34 years (б, г). Semiluksky Forest Nursery, Voronezh reg.

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3. Fig. 2. Macerated wood of triploid white poplar hybrid no. 65

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4. Fig. 3. Wood microscopic cut of triploid hybrid no. 65 (а) and diploid hybrid no. 136 (б) at the age of 34 years without traces of fungal hyphae (аrrows indicate the places of wood degradation in hybrid no. 136)

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