Study of essential oils extraction from pine needles and bark

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Abstract

The analysis of the current state of the process of extracting essential oil from pine showed the relevance of introducing periodic extraction technology using steam distillation at small enterprises of the forest industry complex, which allows effectively extracting the maximum number of valuable components. According to existing data, today the demand for essential oils in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and agricultural markets has increased. The annual use of these biologically active substances from coniferous trees is growing at an average annual growth rate of 9,6 %. This also explains the high price of some substances. Thus, the price of 1 kg of essential oil is $ 113. The article presents a physical description of the process of extracting essential oils from non-woody parts (needles and bark) of pine. The equipment for extracting essential oil from pine needles and bark is provided. The methodology for conducting experimental studies and the process of extracting biologically active substances is presented. It was found that the maximum amount of essential oil was extracted at a steam temperature of 120 °C, duration of 150 minutes, and steam consumption to reach the operating temperature of 650 kg∙m3/h. The following dependencies were obtained: the yield of essential oil from pine needles and bark at different temperatures, changes in the density of essential oil during extraction, oil yield from the reduced steam consumption; the rate of essential oil extraction at different temperatures and the time it took for the extraction process to reach the operating temperature were determined. The maximum extraction of essential oils from needles was 0,9 %, and from bark — 2,5 %. The proposed method showed that the degree of essential oil extraction from needles is 82 %, and from bark 86 %.

About the authors

Rushan G. Safin

Kazan National Research Technological University

Email: safin@kstu.ru

Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor, Head of the Department of Wood Materials Processing

Russian Federation, 68, K. Marx St., 420015, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan

Kirill V. Valeev

Kazan National Research Technological University

Author for correspondence.
Email: kirval116@mail.ru

Cand. Sci. (Tech.), Associate Professor

Russian Federation, 68, K. Marx St., 420015, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan

Nail F. Timerbayev

Kazan National Research Technological University

Email: TimerbaevNF@corp.knrtu.ru

Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor

Russian Federation, 68, K. Marx St., 420015, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan

Vladimir I. Petrov

Kazan National Research Technological University

Email: PetrovVI@corp.knrtu.ru

Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Associate Professor

Russian Federation, 68, K. Marx St., 420015, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan

Kamil K. Gilfanov

Kazan National Research Technological University

Email: kamil.gilfanov@mail.ru

Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor

Russian Federation, 68, K. Marx St., 420015, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan

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