Lesnoy Vestnik / Forestry BulletinLesnoy Vestnik / Forestry BulletinЛесной вестник / Forestry Bulletin2542-1468Eco-Vector70657110.18698/2542-1468-2025-1-84-95Forest engineeringЛесоинженерное делоReview ArticleDevelopments of ground forest robotics. ReviewРазработки в области наземной лесной робототехники. ОбзорDygaloVladislav G.ДыгалоВладислав Геннадиевич
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor

д-р техн. наук, профессор

dygalovg@bmstu.ruKotievGeorgiy O.КотиевГеоргий Олегович
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor, Head of the Department of Transport and Technological Means and Equipment of the Forestry Complex

д-р техн. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой «Транспортно-технологические средства и оборудование лесного комплекса»

dygalovg@bmstu.ruDygaloLyudmila V.ДыгалоЛюдмила Викторовна
Russian Federation

Engineer

инженер

dygalovg@bmstu.ruBychkovGeorgiy A.БычковГеоргий Александрович
Russian Federation

Senior Lecturer

ст. преподаватель

dygalovg@bmstu.ruBMSTU (Mytishchi Branch)ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана (национальный исследовательский университет)» (Мытищинский филиал)1502202529184952204202622042026Copyright ©; 2025, Dygalo V.G., Kotiev G.O., Dygalo L.V., Bychkov G.A.Copyright ©; 2025, Дыгало В.Г., Котиев Г.О., Дыгало Л.В., Бычков Г.А.2025Dygalo V.G., Kotiev G.O., Dygalo L.V., Bychkov G.A.Дыгало В.Г., Котиев Г.О., Дыгало Л.В., Бычков Г.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.eco-vector.com/2542-1468/article/view/706571

A topical issue nowadays is the lack of control, monitoring and conservation of forest regions. To solve the issues and improve the implementation of various tasks in the field of forestry in the world, the concept of "Forest 4.0" is being developed. This concept includes the widespread use of robotic systems in the forestry industry. This article is devoted to an overview of developments in the field of ground-based forestry robotic systems. Attention is paid to robotic solutions with wheeled and tracked types of propulsion. Walking, wire-walking and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are outside the scope of this article. Examples of solutions for environmental protection and monitoring, forest fire fighting, inventory operations and planting, pruning and logging are considered. As a result, it can be noted that in order to improve the accuracy and execution time of several forest robotic applications for environmental conservation, monitoring, forest fire fighting, inventory, planting, pruning and harvesting, two main areas need improvement: IoT-based smart forest and navigation systems.

Исследованы разработки роботизированных систем для работы в сложных условиях лесной среды. Уделено внимание специфическим характеристикам леса, таким как переменные температуры, влажности и сложный рельеф, создающие трудности для эффективного функционирования роботов. Рассмотрены проблемы: отсутствие сетевой инфраструктуры для связи, сложные условия почвы и уязвимость систем перед стихийными бедствиями. Выявлена необходимость специализированных решений, адаптированных к условиям леса, в том числе использование надежных систем передвижения по неровной поверхности, мощных источников энергии для длительной работы и современных технологий связи, позволяющих поддерживать связь в условиях ограниченной видимости. Проанализированы различные направления применения робототехнических систем в лесном хозяйстве от мониторинга состояния окружающей среды и тушения лесных пожаров до проведения инвентаризационных операций и выполнения задач по посадке и заготовке леса. Приведены примеры существующих решений, таких как роботы-амфибии и специализированные машины для тушения пожаров, подчеркивающие потенциал технологий в исключении человеческого фактора и повышении безопасности в лесном хозяйстве. Несмотря на существующие сложности, потенциальные выгоды от применения роботизированных систем в лесах значительны. Они могут не только улучшить управление лесными ресурсами, но и способствовать охране окружающей среды, снижая негативное воздействие на экосистемы.

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