Lesnoy Vestnik / Forestry BulletinLesnoy Vestnik / Forestry BulletinЛесной вестник / Forestry Bulletin2542-1468Eco-Vector70663210.18698/2542-1468-2024-4-5-18Biological and technological aspects of forestryБиологические и технологические аспекты лесного хозяйстваResearch ArticleNeedles pigment composition of Mountain pine and Scots pine seedlings in Nizhny Novgorod regionПигментный состав хвои саженцев сосны горной и сосны обыкновенной в Нижегородской областиBesschetnovaNatalya N.БессчетноваНаталья Николаевна
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Forestry

д-р с.-х. наук, доцент, декан факультета лесного хозяйства

besschetnova1966@mail.ruBesschetnovVladimir P.БессчетновВладимир Петрович
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Head of the Department of Forest Crops

д-р биол. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой лесных культур

lesfak@mail.ruNizhegorodsky State Agrotechnological UniversityФГБОУ ВО «Нижегородский государственный агротехнологический университет»150820242845182304202623042026Copyright ©; 2024, Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P.Copyright ©; 2024, Бессчетнова Н.Н., Бессчетнов В.П.2024Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P.Бессчетнова Н.Н., Бессчетнов В.П.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.eco-vector.com/2542-1468/article/view/706632

The study results of the needles pigment composition of 4-year-old seedlings of Mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) are presented. The principle of the only logical difference has been observed, and the basic requirements for setting the experiment have been met. Field-stationary and laboratory methods were implemented to fix the presence of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and carotenoids in 1-year-old needles. The SF-2000 spectrophotometer with the GRASS GIS 7.6.1 / QGIS 3.4 software was used. 96 % alcohol extracts were used from a homogenized crushed biomaterial sample, the mass of which was determined with an accuracy of 0,001 g on precise analytical scales Acculab VIC-300d3. The pigment concentrations were calculated by the Wettstein and Holm equations. Weak interspecific differences in the content and ratio of plastid pigments have been established with well-marked individual phenotypic differences between specimens of seed origin. According to the content of chlorophyll-a in mountain pine, the highest average (7,38 ± 0,15 mg/g) was 1,29 times higher than the lowest (5,72 ± 0,24 mg/g); in Scots pine. The highest average (7,35 ± 0,54 mg/g) exceeded the lowest (5,53 ± 0,08 mg/g) by 1,25 times. The influence of interspecific and intraspecific differences in the pigment composition of needles on the formation of the general background of the dispersion of its indicators is assessed, and the effects of their interaction are established. The greatest effect of species specificity was recorded in the tested characteristics of the needles pigment composition by the proportion of carotenoids (18,35 ± 1,28 %) and by the ratio of carotenoids to the total amount of chlorophyll (18,08 ± 1,28 %). The nature of the accumulation of pigments in the needles of Scots pine and Mountain pine indicates the commonality of their ecological reactions and the possibility of introducing the latter into artificial plantations in the Nizhny Novgorod region.

Представлены результаты изучения пигментного состава хвои 4-летних саженцев сосны горной (Pinus mugo Turra.) и сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.). Обеспечено соблюдение принципа единственного логического различия, выдержаны базовые требования к постановке опыта. Реализован полевой стационарный и лабораторный методы с фиксаций наличия в однолетней хвое хлорофилла а, хлорофилла b и каротиноидов. Применен спектрофотометр СФ-2000 с программным обеспечением GRASS GIS 7.6.1 / QGIS 3.4. Использованы 96%-е спиртовые вытяжки из гомогенизированной измельченной навески биоматериала, масса которой определена с точностью до 0,001 г на прецизионных аналитических весах Acculab VIC-300d3. Выполнен расчет концентраций пигментов по уравнениям Веттштейна и Хольма. Установлены слабые межвидовые различия в содержании и соотношении пластидных пигментов при хорошо заметных индивидуальных фенотипических различиях между особями семенного происхождения. По содержанию хлорофилла a у с. горной наибольшее среднее (7,38 ± 0,15 мг/г) в 1,29 раза превосходило наименьшее (5,72 ± 0,24 мг/г); у с. обыкновенной наибольшее среднее (7,35 ± 0,54 мг/г) превысило наименьшее (5,53 ± 0,08 мг/г) в 1,25 раза. Дана оценка влияния межвидовых и внутривидовых различий в пигментном составе хвои на формирование общего фона дисперсии его показателей, а также установлены эффекты их взаимодействия. Зафиксировано наибольшее влияние видоспецифичности в тестируемых характеристиках пигментного состава хвои: по доле содержания каротиноидов (18,35 ± 1,28 %) и по отношению содержания каротиноидов к общей сумме содержания хлорофилла (18,08 ± 1,28 %). Характер накопления пигментов в хвое сосны обыкновенной и сосны горной указывает на общность их экологических реакций и возможность введения последней в состав искусственных насаждений в Нижегородской области.

Scots pineMountain pineplastid pigmentschlorophyll-achlorophyll-bcarotenoidsinterspecific differencesсосна обыкновеннаясосна горнаяпластидные пигментыхлорофилл aхлорофилл bкаротиноидымежвидовые различияPravdin L.F. Polovoy dimorfizm sosny obyknovennoy (Pinus sylvestris L.) [Sexual dimorphism of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)]. Trudy Instituta lesa AN SSSR [Proceedings of the Forest Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences], 1950, v. 3, pp. 190–201.Правдин Л.Ф. Половой диморфизм сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) // Труды Института леса АН СССР, 1950. Т. 3. С. 190–201.Alekhin V.V. Rastitel’nost’ SSSR v osnovnykh zonakh [Vegetation of the USSR in the main zones]. Moscow: Soviet Science, 1951, 512 p.Алехин В.В. Растительность СССР в основных зонах. М.: Советская наука, 1951. 512 с.Pravdin L.F. Sosna obyknovennaya. Izmenchivost’, vnutrividovaya sistematika i selektsiya [Scots pine. Variation, intraspecific systematics and selection]. Moscow: Nauka, 1964, 190 p.Правдин Л.Ф. Сосна обыкновенная. Изменчивость, внутривидовая систематика и селекция. М.: Наука, 1964. 190 с.Mamaev S.A. Formy vnutrividovoy izmenchivosti drevesnykh rasteniy (na primere semeystva Pinaceae na Urale) [Forms of intraspecific variability of woody plants (using the example of the Pinaceae family in the Urals)]. Moscow: Nauka, 1972, 283 p.Мамаев С.А. Формы внутривидовой изменчивости древесных растений (на примере семейства Pinaceae на Урале). М.: Наука, 1972. 283 с.Khokh A.N., Zvyagintsev V.B. Differentsiatsiya sosnyakov, proizrastayushchikh v dolgomoshnom i bagul’nikovom tipakh lesa po morfologo-anatomicheskim parametram godichnykh sloev [Differentiation of pine forests growing in long-moss and wild rosemary forest types according to the morphological and anatomical parameters of annual layers]. Sakharovskie chteniya 2021 goda: ekologicheskie problemy XXI veka: mater. 21-y mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii [Sakharov readings 2021: environmental problems of the 21st century: material. 21st international scientific conference, in 2 parts]. Ed. S.A. Maskevich, M.G. Germenchuk. Minsk: Information and Computing Center of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Belarus, 2021, pp. 355–358.Хох А.Н., Звягинцев В.Б. Дифференциация сосняков, произрастающих в долгомошном и багульниковом типах леса по морфолого-анатомическим параметрам годичных слоев // Сахаровские чтения 2021 года: экологические проблемы XXI века: Материалы 21-й Междунар. науч. конф. В 2 ч. / под ред. С.А. Маскевича, М.Г. Герменчук. Минск: Информационно-вычислительный центр Министерства финансов Республики Беларусь, 2021. С. 355–358.Miller P. The gardeners dictionary: containing the methods of cultivating and improving all sorts of trees, plants, and flowers, for the kitchen, fruit, and pleasure gardens, as also those which are used in medicine: with directions for the culture of vineyards, and making of wine in England. London: Print. by J. and J. Rivington, 1754, 532 p. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.541Masters M.T. A general view of the Genus Pinus. Botanical J. of the Linnean Society, 1904, v. 35, iss. 248, pp. 560–659. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1904.tb00702.xMasters M.T. A general view of the Genus Pinus // Botanical J. of the Linnean Society, 1904, v. 35, iss. 248, pp. 560–659. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1904.tb00702.xDuffeld J.W. Relationships and species hybridization in the genus Pinus. Forstgenetik, 1951, v. 1, iss. 4, pр. 93–97.Duffeld J.W. Relationships and species hybridization in the genus Pinus // Forstgenetik, 1951, v. 1, iss. 4, pр. 93–97.Van der Burgh, J. Holzer der niederrheinischen Braunkohlenformation, 2. Holzer der Braunkoh-lengruben «Maria Theresia» zu Herzogenrath, «Zukunft West» zu Eschweiler und «Victor» (Zulpich Mitte) zu Zulpich. Nebst einer systematiach-anatomischen Bearbeitung der Gattung Pinus L.. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 1973, v. 15, iss. 2–3, pр. 73–275. DOI: 10.1016/0034-6667(73)90001-8Van der Burgh, J. Holzer der niederrheinischen Braunkohlenformation, 2. Holzer der Braunkoh-lengruben «Maria Theresia» zu Herzogenrath, «Zukunft West» zu Eschweiler und «Victor» (Zulpich Mitte) zu Zulpich. Nebst einer systematiach-anatomischen Bearbeitung der Gattung Pinus L. // Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 1973, v. 15, iss. 2–3, pр. 73–275. DOI: 10.1016/0034-6667(73)90001-8Miller C.N., Malinky J.M. Seed cones of Pinus from the Late Cretaceous of New Jersey, U.S.A.. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 1986, v. 46, iss. 3–4, pp. 257–272. DOI: 10.1016/0034-6667(86)90018-7Miller C.N., Malinky J.M. Seed cones of Pinus from the Late Cretaceous of New Jersey, U.S.A. // Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 1986, v. 46, iss. 3–4, pp. 257–272. DOI: 10.1016/0034-6667(86)90018-7Crichfield W.B., Little E.L. Geographic distribution of the pines of the word. Bulletin: United States Department of Agriculture. United States Forest Service. Series: Miscellaneous Publication, nо. 991. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1966, 97 p. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.66393Crichfield W.B., Little E.L. Geographic distribution of the pines of the word // Bulletin: United States Department of Agriculture. United States Forest Service. Series: Miscellaneous Publication, nо. 991. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1966, 97 p. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.66393Crichfield W.B., Little E.L. Subdivisions of the genus Pinus (Pines). Bulletin: United States Department of Agriculture. United States Forest Service. Series: Miscellaneous Publication, nо. 1144. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1969, 51 p.Crichfield W.B., Little E.L. Subdivisions of the genus Pinus (Pines) // Bulletin: United States Department of Agriculture. United States Forest Service. Series: Miscellaneous Publication, nо. 1144. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1969, 51 p.Mirov N.T. The genus Pinus. New York: The Ronald Press Company, 1967, 602 p. DOI:10.2307/2258116Critchfield W.B. Interspecific hybridization in Pinus: А summary review. Proceedings of Symposium on Interspecific and Interprovenance Hybridization in Forest Trees: 14th Meeting of Canadian tree improvement association. Part 2. / Ed.: D.P. Fowler and C.Y. Yeatman. Ottawa: Miscellaneous Publication, 1975, pр. 99–105.Critchfield W.B. Interspecific hybridization in Pinus: А summary review // Proceedings of Symposium on Interspecific and Interprovenance Hybridization in Forest Trees: 14th Meeting of Canadian tree improvement association. Part 2. / Ed.: D.P. Fowler and C.Y. Yeatman. Ottawa: Miscellaneous Publication, 1975, pр. 99–105.Orlova L.V. O diagnosticheskikh priznakakh vegetativnykh organov v rode Pinus (Pinaceae) [On the diagnostic characteristics of vegetative organs in the genus Pinus (Pinaceae)]. Botanicheskiy zhurnal [Botanical Journal], 2001, t. 86, no. 9, pp. 33–44.Орлова Л.В. О диагностических признаках вегетативных органов в роде Pinus (Pinaceae) // Ботанический журнал, 2001. Т. 86. № 9. С. 33–44.Salminen H., Jalkanen R., Lindholm M. Summer temperature affects the ratio of radial and height growth of Scots pine in northern Finland. Annals of Forest Science, 2009, v. 66, iss. 8, article number 810, total pages 9, pp. 1–9. DOI: 10.1051/forest/2009074Salminen H., Jalkanen R., Lindholm M. Summer temperature affects the ratio of radial and height growth of Scots pine in northern Finland // Annals of Forest Science, 2009, v. 66, iss. 8, article number 810, total pages 9, pp. 1–9. DOI: 10.1051/forest/2009074Taulavuori E., Taulavuori K., Niinimaa A., Laine K. Effect of Ecotype and Latitude on Growth, Frost Hardiness, and Oxidative Stress of South to North Transplanted Scots Pine Seedlings. International J. of Forestry Research, 2010, v. 1, article ID 162084, total pages 16, pp. 1–16. DOI: 10.1155/2010/162084Taulavuori E., Taulavuori K., Niinimaa A., Laine K. Effect of Ecotype and Latitude on Growth, Frost Hardiness, and Oxidative Stress of South to North Transplanted Scots Pine Seedlings // International J. of Forestry Research, 2010, v. 1, article ID 162084, total pages 16, pp. 1–16. DOI: 10.1155/2010/162084Krakau U.-K., Liesebach M., Aronen T., Lelu-Walter M.A., Schneck V. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Forest Tree Breeding in Europe: Current State-of-the-Art and Perspectives. Managing Forest Ecosystems, v. 25, ch. 4. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, NewYork, London: Springer Science+Business Media, 2013, pp. 267–323. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6146-9_6Krakau U.-K., Liesebach M., Aronen T., Lelu-Walter M.A., Schneck V. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) // Forest Tree Breeding in Europe: Current State-of-the-Art and Perspectives. Managing Forest Ecosystems, v. 25, ch. 4. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, New-York, London: Springer Science+Business Media, 2013, pp. 267–323. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6146-9_6Gorelov A.N., Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P. Sravnitel’naya otsenka taksatsionnykh pokazateley plyusovykh derev’ev sosny obyknovennoy na lesosemennoy plantatsii [The relationship between biological productivity and absorption activity of coniferous roots in ontogenesis in the southern taiga zone of Russia]. Agrokhimiya [Agrochemistry], 2012, no. 8, pp. 9–17.Лебедев В.М., Лебедев Е.В. Взаимосвязь биологической продуктивности и поглотительной деятельности корней хвойных пород в онтогенезе в зоне южной тайги России // Агрохимия, 2012. № 8. С. 9–17.Feklistov P., Sobolev A., Bolotov I., Barzut O. The results of the introduction of twisted pine (pinus contorta) in Bolshoy Solovetsky Island. Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A, 2022, t. 64, no. 1, pp. 1–6.Feklistov P., Sobolev A., Bolotov I., Barzut O. The results of the introduction of twisted pine (pinus contorta) in Bolshoy Solovetsky Island // Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A, 2022, t. 64, no. 1, pp. 1–6.Gorelov A.N., Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P. Sravnitel’naya otsenka taksatsionnykh pokazateley plyusovykh derev’ev sosny obyknovennoy na lesosemennoy plantatsii [Comparative assessment of taxation indicators of plus-sized Scots pine trees on a forest seed plantation]. Khvoynye boreal’noy zony [Conifers of the boreal zone], 2022, t. 40, no. 1, pp. 27–37.Горелов А.Н., Бессчетнова Н.Н., Бессчетнов В.П. Сравнительная оценка таксационных показателей плюсовых деревьев сосны обыкновенной на лесосеменной плантации // Хвойные бореальной зоны, 2022. Т. 40. № 1. С. 27–37.Andersone U., Vinsh G. Changes of Morphogenic Competence in Mature Pinus sylvestris L. Buds in vitro. Annals of Botany, 2002, v. 90, iss. 2, pp. 293–298. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcf176Andersone U., Vinsh G. Changes of Morphogenic Competence in Mature Pinus sylvestris L. Buds in vitro // Annals of Botany, 2002, v. 90, iss. 2, pp. 293–298. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcf176Venäläinen M., Harju A.M., Kainulainen P., Viitanen H., Nikulainen H. Variation in the decay resistance and its relationship with other wood characteristics in old Scots pines. Annals of Forest Science, 2003, v. 60, no. 5, pp. 409–417. DOI: 10.1051/forest:2003033Venäläinen M., Harju A.M., Kainulainen P., Viitanen H., Nikulainen H. Variation in the decay resistance and its relationship with other wood characteristics in old Scots pines // Annals of Forest Science, 2003, v. 60, no. 5, pp. 409–417. DOI: 10.1051/forest:2003033Zha T., Kellomäki S., Wang K.-Y. Seasonal Variation in Respiration of 1 year old Shoots of Scots Pine Exposed to Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Temperature for 4 Years. Annals of Botany, 2003, v. 92, iss. 1, pp. 89–96. DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCG118Zha T., Kellomäki S., Wang K.-Y. Seasonal Variation in Respiration of 1 year old Shoots of Scots Pine Exposed to Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Temperature for 4 Years // Annals of Botany, 2003, v. 92, iss. 1, pp. 89–96. DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCG118Zha T., Kellomäki S., Wang K.-Y., Ryypö A., Niinistö S. Seasonal and Annual Stem Respiration of Scots Pine Trees under Boreal Conditions. Annals of Botany, 2004, v. 94, iss. 6, pp. 889–896. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mch218Zha T., Kellomäki S., Wang K.-Y., Ryypö A., Niinistö S. Seasonal and Annual Stem Respiration of Scots Pine Trees under Boreal Conditions // Annals of Botany, 2004, v. 94, iss. 6, pp. 889–896. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mch218Bohne G., Woehlecke H., Ehwald R. Water Relations of the Pine Exine. Annals of Botany, 2005, v. 96, iss. 2, pp. 201–208. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mci169Bohne G., Woehlecke H., Ehwald R. Water Relations of the Pine Exine // Annals of Botany, 2005, v. 96, iss. 2, pp. 201–208. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mci169Wennström U., Bergsten U., Nilsson J.-E. Seedling establishment and growth after direct seeding with Pinus sylvestris: effects of seed type, seed origin, and seeding year. Silva Fennica, 2007, v. 41, iss. 2, pp. 299–314. DOI: 10.14214/sf.298Wennström U., Bergsten U., Nilsson J.-E. Seedling establishment and growth after direct seeding with Pinus sylvestris: effects of seed type, seed origin, and seeding year // Silva Fennica, 2007, v. 41, iss. 2, pp. 299–314. DOI: 10.14214/sf.298Raevskiy B.V. Osobennosti vegetativnogo rosta klonov sosny obyknovennoy v Karelii [Features of vegetative growth of Scots pine clones in Karelia]. Lesnoy Zhurnal (Russian Forestry Journal), 2013, no. 4, pp. 7–15.Раевский Б.В. Особенности вегетативного роста клонов сосны обыкновенной в Карелии // ИзВУЗ Лесной журнал, 2013. № 4. С. 7–15.Starova N.V., Yanbaev Yu.A., Yumadilov N.Kh., Adler E.N., Dukharev V.A., Shigapov Z.Kh. Geneticheskaya izmenchivost’ sosny obyknovennoy v vozrastnykh gruppakh [Genetic variability of Scots pine in age groups]. Genetika [Genetics], 1990, t. 26, no. 3, pp. 498–505.Старова Н.В., Янбаев Ю.А., Юмадилов Н.Х., Адлер Э.Н., Духарев В.А., Шигапов З.Х. Генетическая изменчивость сосны обыкновенной в возрастных группах // Генетика, 1990. Т. 26. № 3. С. 498–505.Tarkhanov S.N. Khvoynye nasazhdeniya v usloviyakh atmosfernogo zagryazneniya [Coniferous plantations in conditions of atmospheric pollution]. Lesnoe khozyaystvo [Forestry], 2004, no. 3, p. 18.Тарханов С.Н. Хвойные насаждения в условиях атмосферного загрязнения // Лесное хозяйство, 2004. № 3. С. 18.Gorelov A.N., Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P. Comparative assessment of the taxation indicators of plus trees of Scots pine on a forest seed plantation. Conifers of the boreal area, 2023, v. 40, no. 7 (special), pp. 577–584.Gorelov A.N., Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P. Comparative assessment of the taxation indicators of plus trees of Scots pine on a forest seed plantation // Conifers of the boreal area, 2023, v. 40, no. 7 (special), pp. 577–584.Vilkov M.V., Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P., Ornatskiy A.N. Vyrashchivanie sazhentsev sosny gornoy (Pinus mugo) v Nizhegorodskoy oblasti [Growing mountain pine (Pinus mugo) seedlings in the Nizhny Novgorod region]. Aktual’nye problemy razvitiya lesnogo kompleksa. Materialy XVIII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii [Current problems of development of the forestry complex. Materials of the XVIII International Scientific and Technical Conference], Vologda, December 1, 2020. Ed. C.M. Khamitova. Vologda: Vologda State University, 2020, pp. 13–15.Вилков М.В., Бессчетнова Н.Н., Бессчетнов В.П., Орнатский А.Н. Выращивание саженцев сосны горной (Pinus mugo) в Нижегородской области // Актуальные проблемы развития лесного комплекса. Материалы XVIII Междунар. науч.-техн. конф., Вологда, 1 декабря 2020 г. / под ред. С.М. Хамитовой. Вологда: Изд-во Вологодского государственного университета, 2020. С. 13–15.Khramova O.Yu., Vilkov M.V. Rost i razvitie sazhentsev sosny gornoy (Pinus mugo) pri introduktsii v Nizhegorodskuyu oblast’ [Growth and development of mountain pine (Pinus mugo) seedlings during introduction into the Nizhny Novgorod region]. Molodezhnyy Agroforum–2021: mater. Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy internet-konferentsii molodykh uchenykh [Youth Agroforum-2021: material. International scientific and practical Internet conference of young scientists], Nizhny Novgorod, February 11–12, 2021. Ed. N.Yu. Barmina. Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy, 2021, pp. 230–236.Храмова О.Ю., Вилков М.В. Рост и развитие саженцев сосны горной (Pinus mugo) при интродукции в Нижегородскую область // Молодежный Агрофорум–2021: Материалы Междунар. науч.-практ. интернет-конф. молодых ученых, г. Нижний Новгород, 11–12 февраля 2021 г. / под ред. Н.Ю. Бармина. Нижний Новгород: Изд-во Нижегородской ГСХА, 2021. С. 230–236.Boratyńska K., Jasińska A.K., Boratyński A. Taxonomic and geographic differentiation of Pinus mugo complex on the needle characteristics. Systematics and Biodiversity, 2015, v. 13, iss. 6, pp. 1–15. DOI:10.1080/14772000.2015.1058300Boratyńska K., Jasińska A.K., Boratyński A. Taxonomic and geographic differentiation of Pinus mugo complex on the needle characteristics // Systematics and Biodiversity, 2015, v. 13, iss. 6, pp. 1–15. DOI:10.1080/14772000.2015.1058300Boratynska, K., Muchewicz, E., Drojma, M. Pinus mugo Turra geographic differentiation based on needle characters. Dendrobiology, 2004, v. 51, pp. 9–17.Boratynska, K., Muchewicz, E., Drojma, M. Pinus mugo Turra geographic differentiation based on needle characters // Dendrobiology, 2004, v. 51, pp. 9–17.Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P. Izmenchivost’ morfometricheskikh priznakov khvoi na klonovoy plantatsii plyusovykh derev’ev sosny obyknovennoy (Pinus sylvestris L.) [Variability of morphometric characteristics of needles on a clonal plantation of plus trees of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)]. Vavilovskiy zhurnal genetiki i selektsii [Vavilov J. of Genetics and Breeding], 2017, t. 21, no. 2, pp. 198–206. DOI: 10.18699/VJ17.237Бессчетнова Н.Н., Бессчетнов В.П. Изменчивость морфометрических признаков хвои на клоновой плантации плюсовых деревьев сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) // Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции, 2017. Т. 21. № 2. С. 198–206. DOI: 10.18699/VJ17.237Golikov D.Yu., Montile A.A., Shavnin S.A. Sezonnye dinamiki elektricheskogo impedansa i elektroemkosti prikambial’nogo kompleksa tkaney stvola derev’ev sosny obyknovennoy, proizrastayushchikh v drevostoe estestvennogo proiskhozhdeniya [Seasonal dynamics of electrical impedance and electrical capacity of the precambial complex trunk tissues of Scots pine trees growing in a forest stand of natural origin]. Vestnik Povolzhskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta. Seriya: Les. Ekologiya. Prirodopol’zovanie [Bulletin of the Volga State Technological University. Series: Forest. Ecology. Nature Management], 2022, no. 4 (56), pp. 19–31.Голиков Д.Ю., Монтиле А.А., Шавнин С.А. Сезонные динамики электрического импеданса и электроемкости прикамбиального комплекса тканей ствола деревьев сосны обыкновенной, произрастающих в древостое естественного происхождения // Вестник Поволжского государственного технологического университета. Серия: Лес. Экология. Природопользование, 2022. № 4 (56). С. 19–31.Ryyppö A.M., Sutinen S., Mäenpää M. Vapaavuori E. Repo T. Frost damage and recovery of Scots pine seedlings at the end of the growing season. Canadian J. of Forest Research, 2011, v. 27, iss. 9, pp. 1376–1382. DOI: 10.1139/x97-108Ryyppö A.M., Sutinen S., Mäenpää M. Vapaavuori E. Repo T. Frost damage and recovery of Scots pine seedlings at the end of the growing season // Canadian J. of Forest Research, 2011, v. 27, iss. 9, pp. 1376–1382. DOI: 10.1139/x97-108Celiński K., Chudzińska Ewa., Gmur A., Piosik Ł., Wojnicka-Półtorak A. Cytological characterization of three closely related pines – Pinus mugo, P. uliginosa and P. × rhaetica from the Pinus mugo complex (Pinaceae). Biologia, 2019, v. 74, iss. 7, pp. 751–756. DOI:10.2478/s11756-019-00201-6Celiński K., Chudzińska Ewa., Gmur A., Piosik Ł., Wojnicka-Półtorak A. Cytological characterization of three closely related pines – Pinus mugo, P. uliginosa and P. × rhaetica from the Pinus mugo complex (Pinaceae) // Biologia, 2019, v. 74, iss. 7, pp. 751–756. DOI:10.2478/s11756-019-00201-6Schonbeck L., Gessler A., Hoch G., McDowell N.G., Rigling A., Schaub M., Li M.-H. Homeostatic levels of nonstructural carbohydrates after 13 yr of drought and irrigation in Pinus sylvestris. New Phytologist, 2018, v. 219, pp. 1314–1324. DOI: 10.1111/nph.1522Schonbeck L., Gessler A., Hoch G., McDowell N.G., Rigling A., Schaub M., Li M.-H. Homeostatic levels of nonstructural carbohydrates after 13 yr of drought and irrigation in Pinus sylvestris // New Phytologist, 2018, v. 219, pp. 1314–1324. DOI: 10.1111/nph.1522Tarkhanov S.N., Biryukov S.Yu. Vliyanie atmosfernogo zagryazneniya na fotosinteziruyushchiy apparat Pinus sylvestris L. i Picea obovata Ledeb. × p. abies (L.) karst. v severnoy tayge basseyna Severnoy Dviny [Effect of atmospheric pollution on the photosynthetic apparatus of Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea obovata Ledeb. × p. abies (L.) karst. in the northern taiga of the Northern Dvina basin]. Lesnoy Zhurnal (Russian Forestry Journal), 2014, no. 1 (337), pp. 20–26.Тарханов С.Н., Бирюков С.Ю. Влияние атмосферного загрязнения на фотосинтезирующий аппарат Pinus sylvestris L. и Picea obovata Ledeb. × p. abies (L.) karst. в северной тайге бассейна Северной Двины // ИзВУЗ Лесной журнал, 2014. № 1 (337). С. 20–26.Wachowiak W., Baczkiewicz A., Celiński K., Prus-Głowacki W. Species-specific chloroplast DNA polymorphism in the trnV-rbcL region in Pinus sylvestris and P. mugo. Dendrobiology, 2004, v. 51, pp. 67–72.Wachowiak W., Baczkiewicz A., Celiński K., Prus-Głowacki W. Species-specific chloroplast DNA polymorphism in the trnV-rbcL region in Pinus sylvestris and P. mugo // Dendrobiology, 2004, v. 51, pp. 67–72.Peguero-Pina J.J., Morales F., Gil-Pelegrín E. Frost damage in Pinus sylvestris L. stems assessed by chlorophyll fluorescence in cortical bark chlorenchyma. Annals of Forest Science, 2008, v. 65, no. 8, article numb. 813, number of page(s) 6, pp. 1–6. DOI: 10.1051/forest:2008068Peguero-Pina J.J., Morales F., Gil-Pelegrín E. Frost damage in Pinus sylvestris L. stems assessed by chlorophyll fluorescence in cortical bark chlorenchyma // Annals of Forest Science, 2008, v. 65, no. 8, article numb. 813, number of page(s) 6, pp. 1–6. DOI: 10.1051/forest:2008068Minghetti P., Nardi E. Lectotypification of Pinus mugo Turra (Pinaceae). Taxon, 1999, v. 48, no. 3, pp. 465–469. DOI: 10.2307/1224557Minghetti P., Nardi E. Lectotypification of Pinus mugo Turra (Pinaceae) // Taxon, 1999, v. 48, no. 3, pp. 465–469. DOI: 10.2307/1224557Popovic M. Growth of the Mountain Pine (Pinus mugo, Turr.) in Yugoslavia. J. of Biogeography, 1976, v. 3, no. 3, pp. 261–267. DOI: 10.2307/3038016Popovic M. Growth of the Mountain Pine (Pinus mugo, Turr.) in Yugoslavia // J. of Biogeography, 1976, v. 3, no. 3, pp. 261–267. DOI: 10.2307/3038016Nardi E., Minghetti P. Proposal to Conserve the Name Pinus mugo (Pinaceae) with a Conserved Type. Taxon, 1999, v. 48, no. 3, pp. 571–572. DOI: 10.2307/1224568Nardi E., Minghetti P. Proposal to Conserve the Name Pinus mugo (Pinaceae) with a Conserved Type // Taxon, 1999, v. 48, no. 3, pp. 571–572. DOI: 10.2307/1224568Charra-Vaskou K., Mayr S. The hydraulic conductivity of the xylem in conifer needles (Picea abies and Pinus mugo). J. of Experimental Botany, 2011, v. 62, no. 12, pp. 4383–4390. DOI:10.1093/jxb/err157Charra-Vaskou K., Mayr S. The hydraulic conductivity of the xylem in conifer needles (Picea abies and Pinus mugo) // J. ofExperimentalBotany, 2011,v. 62,no. 12, pp. 4383–4390. DOI:10.1093/jxb/err157Dai L., Palombo C., Van Gils H., Rossiter D.G., Tognetti R., Luo G. Pinus mugo Krummholz Dynamics During Concomitant Change in Pastoralism and Climate in the Central Apennines. Mountain Research and Development, 2017, v. 37, no. 1, pp. 75–86. DOI:10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-14-00104.1Dai L., Palombo C., Van Gils H., Rossiter D.G., Tognetti R., Luo G. Pinus mugo Krummholz Dynamics During Concomitant Change in Pastoralism and Climate in the Central Apennines // Mountain Research and Development, 2017, v. 37, no. 1, pp. 75–86. DOI:10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-14-00104.1Poluyakhtov K.K. Lesorastitel’noe rayonirovanie Gor’kovskoy oblasti [Forest vegetation zoning of the Gorky region]. Biologicheskie osnovy povysheniya produktivnosti i okhrany lesnykh, lugovykh i vodnykh fitotsenozov Gor’kovskogo Povolzh’ya [Biological foundations for increasing the productivity and protection of forest, meadow and aquatic phytocenoses of the Gorky Volga region]. Gorky: Gorky State University, 1974, pp. 4–20.Полуяхтов К.К. Лесорастительное районирование Горьковской области // Биологические основы повышения продуктивности и охраны лесных, луговых и водных фитоценозов Горьковского Поволжья. Горький: Изд-во Горьковского государственного университета, 1974. С. 4–20.Shlyk A.A. O spektrofotometricheskom opredelenii khlorofillov a i b [On the spectrophotometric determination of chlorophylls a and b]. Biokhimiya [Biochemistry], 1968, t. 33, iss. 2, pp. 275–285.Шлык А.А. О спектрофотометрическом определении хлорофиллов а и b // Биохимия, 1968. Т. 33. Вып. 2. С. 275–285.Lichtenthaller H.K., Wellburn A.R. Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents. Biochemical Society Transactions, 1983, v. 11, no 6, pp. 591–592. DOI: 10.1042/bst0110591Lichtenthaller H.K., Wellburn A.R. Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents // Biochemical Society Transactions, 1983, v. 11, no 6, pp. 591–592. DOI: 10.1042/bst0110591Porra R.G., Thomson W.A., Kriedemann P.E. Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophylls a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1989, v. 975, iss. 3, pp. 384–394. DOI: 10.1016/S0005-2728(89)80347-0Porra R.G., Thomson W.A., Kriedemann P.E. Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophylls a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy // Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1989, v. 975, iss. 3, pp. 384–394. DOI: 10.1016/S0005-2728(89)80347-0Wellburn A.R. The Spectral Determination of Chlorophylls a and b, as well as Total Carotenoids, Using Various Solvents with Spectrophotometers of Different Resolution. J. of plant physiology, 1994, v. 144, iss. 3, pp. 307–313. DOI: 10.1016/S0176-1617(11)81192-2Wellburn A.R. The Spectral Determination of Chlorophylls a and b, as well as Total Carotenoids, Using Various Solvents with Spectrophotometers of Different Resolution // J. of plant physiology, 1994, v. 144, iss. 3, pp. 307–313. DOI: 10.1016/S0176-1617(11)81192-2Rosenthal1 S.I., Camm E.L. Photosynthetic decline and pigment loss during autumn foliar senescence in western larch (Larix occidentalis). Tree Physiology, 1997, v. 17, no.12, pp. 767–775. DOI: 10.1093/treephys/17.12.767Rosenthal1 S.I., Camm E.L. Photosynthetic decline and pigment loss during autumn foliar senescence in western larch (Larix occidentalis) // Tree Physiology, 1997, v. 17, no.12, pp. 767–775. DOI: 10.1093/treephys/17.12.767Casella E., Sinoquet H. Botanical determinants of foliage clumping and light interception in two-year-old coppice poplar canopies: assessment from 3-D plant mock-ups. Annals of Forest Science, 2007, v. 64, no. 4. pp. 395–404. DOI: 10.1051/forest:2007016Casella E., Sinoquet H. Botanical determinants of foliage clumping and light interception in two-year-old coppice poplar canopies: assessment from 3-D plant mock-ups // Annals of Forest Science, 2007, v. 64, no. 4. pp. 395–404. DOI: 10.1051/forest:2007016Babaev R.N. Osnovnye statistiki ploshchadi listovykh plastin raznykh vidov i form berezy v usloviyakh introduktsii [Basic statistics of the area of leaf blades of different types and forms of birch under conditions of introduction]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskoy gosudarstvennoy sel’skokhozyaystvennoy akademii [Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy], 2021, no. 4(32), pp. 5–13.Бабаев Р.Н. Основные статистики площади листовых пластин разных видов и форм березы в условиях интродукции // Вестник Нижегородской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии, 2021. № 4(32). С. 5–13.Kul’kova A.V. Zavisimost’ protsessov regeneratsii ot fiziologicheskogo sostoyaniya pobegov na primere Picea pungens Engelm., f. Glauca v usloviyakh introduktsii v Nizhegorodskuyu oblast’ [Dependence of regeneration processes on the physiological state of shoots using the example of Picea pungens Engelm., f. Glauca under conditions of introduction to the Nizhny Novgorod region]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskoy gosudarstvennoy sel’skokhozyaystvennoy akademii [Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy], 2022, no. 3(35), pp. 33–42.Кулькова А.В. Зависимость процессов регенерации от физиологического состояния побегов на примере Picea pungens Engelm., f. Glauca в условиях интродукции в Нижегородскую область // Вестник Нижегородской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии, 2022. № 3(35). С. 33–42.Lian Yong-Shan, Zhen Hong. A research on dividing infraspecific patterns within Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. Sinensis Rousi in Gansu province. Proceedings of International Symposium on see buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.). Xian, China, 1989, October 19–23. Xian, 1989, pp. 31–34.Lian Yong-Shan, Zhen Hong. A research on dividing infraspecific patterns within Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. Sinensis Rousi in Gansu province // Proceedings of International Symposium on see buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.). Xian, China, 1989, October 19–23. Xian, 1989, pp. 31–34.Noll F., Lyons C.K. A novel method for manually falling trees. The Forestry Chronicle, 2010, v. 86, nо. 5, pp. 608–613. DOI: 10.5558/tfc86608-5Noll F., Lyons C.K. A novel method form annually falling trees// The Forestry Chronicle, 2010, v. 86, nо. 5, pp. 608–613. DOI: 10.5558/tfc86608-5Dumais D., Prévost M. Physiology and growth of advance Picea rubens and Abies balsamea regeneration following different canopy openings. Tree Physioljgy, 2014, v. 34, iss. 2, pp. 194–204. DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpt114Dumais D., Prévost M. Physiology and growth of advance Picea rubens and Abies balsamea regeneration following different canopy openings // Tree Physioljgy, 2014, v. 34, iss. 2, pp. 194–204. DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpt114Benomar L. Lamhamedi M.S., Villeneuve I., Rainville A., Beaulieu J., Bousquet J., Margolis H.A. Fine-scale geographic variation in photosyntheticrelated traits of Picea glauca seedlings indicates local adaptation to climate. Tree Physioljgy, 2015, v. 35, iss. 8, pp. 864–878. DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv054Benomar L. Lamhamedi M.S., Villeneuve I., Rainville A., Beaulieu J., Bousquet J., Margolis H.A. Fine-scale geographic variation in photosynthetic-related traits of Picea glauca seedlings indicates local adaptation to climate // Tree Physioljgy, 2015, v. 35, iss. 8, pp. 864–878. DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv054Kul’kova A.V. Korrelyatsiya pokazateley korneobrazovaniya i postregeneratsionnogo razvitiya cherenkov eli evropeyskoy (Picea abies (L.) h. karst.) [Correlation of root formation indicators and post-regeneration development of cuttings of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) h. karst.)]. Lesnoy Zhurnal (Russian Forestry Journal), 2018, no. 3 (363), pp. 28–36.Кулькова А.В. Корреляция показателей корнеобразования и пострегенерационного развития черенков ели европейской (Picea abies (L.) h. karst.) // ИзВУЗ Лесной журнал, 2018. № 3 (363). С. 28–36.Yesichev A.O., Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P., Babich N.A., Kentbayev E.Zh., Kentbayeva B.A. Soderzhanie i balans zapasnykh veshchestv v pobegakh listvennitsy sibirskoy v usloviyakh reintroduktsii v Nizhegorodskuyu oblast’ [Content and balance of storage compounds in Siberian larch shoots under its reintroduction in Nizhny Novgorod region]. Lesnoy vestnik / Forestry Bulletin, 2022, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 17–27. DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2022-1-17-27Есичев А.О., Бессчетнова Н.Н., Бессчетнов В.П., Бабич А.Н., Кентбаев Е.Ж., Кентбаева Б.А. Содержание и баланс запасных веществ в побегах лиственницы сибирской в условиях реинтродукции в Нижегородскую область // Лесной вестник / Forestry Bulletin, 2022, Т. 26, № 1. С. 17–27. DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2022-1-17-27Kul’kova A.V. Mezhvidovaya izmenchivost’ predstaviteley roda El’ (Picea A. Dietr.) po soderzhaniyu krakhmala v tkanyakh pobegov [Interspecific variability of representatives of the spruce genus (Picea A. Dietr.) in terms of starch content in shoot tissues]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskoy gosudarstvennoy sel’skokhozyaystvennoy akademii [Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy], 2016, no. 3 (11), pp. 28–34.Кулькова А.В. Межвидовая изменчивость представителей рода Ель (Picea A. Dietr.) по содержанию крахмала в тканях побегов // Вестник Нижегородской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии, 2016. № 3 (11). С. 28–34.Kul’kova A.V. Effektivnost’ stimuliruyushchey obrabotki cherenkov eli Konika (Picea glauca) biologicheski aktivnymi preparatami [The effectiveness of stimulating treatment of cuttings of Konica spruce (Picea glauca) with biologically active preparations]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskoy gosudarstvennoy sel’skokhozyaystvennoy akademii [Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy], 2020, no. 4 (28), pp. 10–19.Кулькова А.В. Эффективность стимулирующей обработки черенков ели Коника (Picea glauca) биологически активными препаратами // Вестник Нижегородской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии, 2020. № 4 (28). С. 10–19.Babaev R.N. Soderzhanie krakhmala v tkanyakh pobegov raznykh vidov berezy v usloviyakh introduktsii [Starch content in the tissues of shoots of different types of birch under conditions of introduction]. Rost i vosproizvodstvo nauchnykh kadrov v APK: Rossiyskaya natsional’naya nauchno-prakticheskaya internet-konferentsiya dlya obuchayushchikhsya i molodykh uchenykh [Growth and reproduction of scientific personnel in the agro-industrial complex: Russian national scientific and practical Internet conference for students and young scientists]. Ed. N.N. Countlessnova. Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy, 2020, pp. 74–78.Бабаев Р.Н. Содержание крахмала в тканях побегов разных видов березы в условиях интродукции // Рост и воспроизводство научных кадров в АПК: Рос. нац. науч.-практ. интернет-конф. для обучающихся и молодых ученых / под ред. Н.Н. Бессчетновой. Нижний Новгород: Изд-во Нижегородской ГСХА, 2020. С. 74–78.