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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Lesnoy Vestnik / Forestry Bulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Lesnoy Vestnik / Forestry Bulletin</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Лесной вестник / Forestry Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2542-1468</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">706698</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18698/2542-1468-2024-6-127-138</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Forest engineering</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Лесоинженерное дело</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Modelling of «energy» willow harvesting technology using soft containers</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Моделирование технологии уборки «энергетической» ивы с использованием мягких контейнеров</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpachev</surname><given-names>Sergey P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпачев</surname><given-names>Сергей Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>karpachevss@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaprudnov</surname><given-names>Vyacheslav I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Запруднов</surname><given-names>Вячеслав Ильич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>zaprudnov@mgul.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">BMSTU (Mytishchi branch)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана (национальный исследовательский университет)», (Мытищинский филиал)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>127</fpage><lpage>138</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-23"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-23"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Karpachev S.P., Zaprudnov V.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Карпачев С.П., Запруднов В.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karpachev S.P., Zaprudnov V.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карпачев С.П., Запруднов В.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2542-1468/article/view/706698">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2542-1468/article/view/706698</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The technological process of harvesting «energy» willow using soft containers is considered. On the basis of the device patented by the author the conceptual model of the harvesting machine is offered, which consists of a tractor, mounted equipment for cutting and chopping willow and a trailed device for installation, loading and dumping of containers on the ground. Two variants of «energy» willow harvesting technology are presented: 1) the currently used technology, when the harvesting machine works together with the transport machine; 2) the technology proposed in this paper, when the harvesting machine works independently of the transport machine with chip loading into soft containers. A mathematical model of the existing technological process of willow harvesting and the technology using soft containers has been developed. Simulation experiments on mathematical models of technological processes for the distance from 1 to 5 km from willow plantation to wood chips warehouse and for different maximum possible productivity of willow harvesting — from 5 to 15 t/h have been carried out. It is revealed that the proposed technology of willow harvesting with the use of containers does not depend on the distance from the plantation to the warehouse and allows to achieve productivity, which under equal conditions is 2–3 times higher than the productivity of the existing technology. It is established that the load factor of the harvester according to the existing technology depends on the distance from the plantation to the wood chip warehouse and varies from 0.268 to 0.823. The conditions under which the load factor of the harvester according to the declared technology is equal to 1 have been determined. It is recommended to use the technology of willow harvesting with the use of containers for small farms as minimising investment costs for the purchase of machinery.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассмотрен технологический процесс уборки «энергетической» ивы с использованием мягких контейнеров. На основе запатентованного автором устройства предложена концептуальная модель уборочной машины, которая состоит из трактора, навесного оборудования для срезания и измельчения на щепу ивы и прицепного устройства для установки, загрузки и сброски на землю контейнеров. Приведены два варианта технологии уборки «энергетической» ивы: 1) применяемая в настоящее время технология, когда уборочная машина работает совместно с транспортной машиной; 2) технология, предлагаемая в настоящей статье, когда уборочная машина работает независимо от транспортной машины с загрузкой щепы в мягкие контейнеры. Разработана математическая модель существующего технологического процесса уборки ивы и технология с использованием мягких контейнеров. Проведены имитационные эксперименты на математических моделях технологических процессов для расстояния от 1 до 5 км от плантации ивы до склада щепы и для разной максимально возможной производительности уборки ивы — от 5 до 15 т/ч. Выявлено, что предложенная технология уборки ивы с использованием контейнеров не зависит от расстояния от плантации до склада и позволяет достичь производительности, которая при равных условиях выше производительности существующей технологии в 2–3 раза. Установлено, что коэффициент загрузки уборочной машины по существующей технологии зависит от расстояния от плантации до склада щепы и изменяется от 0,268 до 0,823. Определены условия, при которых коэффициент загрузки уборочной машины по заявленной технологии равен 1. Рекомендовано использовать технологию уборки ивы с использованием контейнеров для небольших фермерских хозяйств как минимизирующую инвестиционные затраты на закупку техники.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fast-growing «energy» willow (salex)</kwd><kwd>soft containers</kwd><kwd>chip fuel</kwd><kwd>mathematical model</kwd><kwd>simulation modeling</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>быстрорастущая «энергетическая» ива (salex)</kwd><kwd>мягкие контейнеры</kwd><kwd>топливная щепа</kwd><kwd>математическая модель</kwd><kwd>имитационное моделирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kowalczyk Z., Kwaśniewski D. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Energy Willow Cultivation on Plantations with Varied Surface Area. 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