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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Lesnoy Vestnik / Forestry Bulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Lesnoy Vestnik / Forestry Bulletin</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Лесной вестник / Forestry Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2542-1468</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">706769</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18698/2542-1468-2024-5-138-152</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Biological recultivation and monitoring of forest lands</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Биологическая рекультивация и мониторинг лесных земель</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Influence of late spring light frosts on Siberian stone pine (<italic>Pinus sibirica</italic> Du Tour) seed production in changing climate</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние поздних весенних заморозков на плодоношение кедра сибирского (<italic>Pinus sibirica</italic> Du Tour) в изменяющемся климате</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Velisevich</surname><given-names>Svetlana N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Велисевич</surname><given-names>Светлана Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Staff Scientist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. cотр.</p></bio><email>s_n_velisevich@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>Aleksander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Engineer of the 1st category</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер 1 категории</p></bio><email>tomskceltic@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mel’nik</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельник</surname><given-names>Мария Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Geography), Staff Scientist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. геогр. наук, науч. сотр.</p></bio><email>melnik-m-a@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goroshkevich</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горошкевич</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Chief Scientist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, гл. науч. сотр.</p></bio><email>pearldiver@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Институт мониторинга климатических и экологических систем Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук» (ИМКЭС СО РАН)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>138</fpage><lpage>152</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-25"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-25"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Velisevich S.N., Popov A.V., Mel’nik M.A., Goroshkevich S.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Велисевич С.Н., Попов А.В., Мельник М.А., Горошкевич С.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Velisevich S.N., Popov A.V., Mel’nik M.A., Goroshkevich S.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Велисевич С.Н., Попов А.В., Мельник М.А., Горошкевич С.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2542-1468/article/view/706769">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2542-1468/article/view/706769</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The dynamics of Siberian stone pine cone bearing for the period from 1990 to 2023 has been considered to establish the influence of weather conditions in the spring period during the pollination year on the subsequent cone crop. It has been found that over the past two decades, the average annual level of the mature cones number has decreased by almost a quarter of the level that was at stable climate. The amplitude of fluctuations in cone crops has also changed, as the alternation of high and low yields characteristic of the previous climate was replaced by an alternation of medium and low ones. It has been suggested that one of the reasons for a negative trend in the seeding dynamics is late spring frosts, which remained within the same time frame despite climate warming. The number of mature cones in the crown largely depended on the spring weather in the pollination year and negatively correlated with the sum of active temperatures above +5°C accumulated before the onset of late spring frost. The value of this indicator was determined by the April temperature. In years when late spring frost occurred at low active temperatures (less than 100 °C), the cone crop was large. In contrast, when 300 °C or more accumulated before freezing, cone crop was minimal. Changes in the timing of the last spring-summer frosts were also noted; on average, there is a tendency for the timing of the last frosts to shift to later dates. It is assumed that with further climate warming, the onset of spring development of reproductive structures will occur at an earlier date, therefore reproductive structures will be more damaged by late spring frosts, since the latter remain within the same time frame. Abundant crops of Siberian stone pine can be formed only in some years with late spring and/or in the absence of late spring frosts.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассмотрена динамика плодоношения кедра сибирского за период с 1990 по 2023 гг. для установления влияния погодных условий весной в год опыления на последующий урожай. Установлено, что за последние два десятилетия среднемноголетний уровень количества созревших шишек снизился почти на четверть от уровня, характерного для стабильного климата и характерное для прежнего климата чередование высоких и низких урожаев сменилось чередованием средних и низких. Высказано предположение, что одной из причин появления негативного тренда в динамике плодоношения являются поздние весенние заморозки, которые, несмотря на потепление климата, остались в прежних временных рамках. Количество зрелых шишек в кроне во многом зависело от весенней погоды в год опыления и отрицательно коррелировало с суммой активных температур выше +5 °С, накопленной до наступления поздних весенних заморозков. Величина этого показателя, в свою очередь, определялась температурой апреля. В годы, когда поздние весенние заморозки случались при небольшой сумме активных температур (менее 100 градусов), урожай шишек был большим. Напротив, когда перед заморозками накапливалось 300 градусов и более, урожай шишек был минимальным. Также отмечены изменения в сроках наступления последних весенне-летних заморозков, в среднем наблюдается тенденция сдвига сроков последних заморозков к более поздним датам. Предполагается, что при дальнейшем потеплении климата начало весеннего развития репродуктивных структур будет происходить в более ранние сроки, поэтому репродуктивные структуры будут сильнее повреждаться поздними весенними заморозками, поскольку последние остаются в прежних временных рамках. Обильные урожаи у кедра сибирского смогут формироваться лишь в отдельные годы с поздней весной и/или при отсутствии поздних весенних заморозков.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Siberian stone pine</kwd><kwd>Pinus sibirica Du Tour</kwd><kwd>seed production</kwd><kwd>climate</kwd><kwd>spring frosts</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кедр сибирский</kwd><kwd>Pinus sibirica Du Tour</kwd><kwd>плодоношение</kwd><kwd>климат</kwd><kwd>весенние заморозки</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский Научный Фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-26-00080</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 23-26-00080</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РНФ, грант № 23-26-00080.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pearse I.S., Koenig W.D., Kelly D. 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