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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bulletin of the RAS. Geography</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulletin of the RAS. Geography</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия РАН. Серия географическая</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2587-5566</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">660810</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556624020014</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DTOBYU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ОБЩЕСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Foreign migrants in the Moscow agglomeration: spatial and temporal analysis based on data from mobile operators</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иностранные мигранты в Московской агломерации: пространственно-временной анализ на основе данных сотовых операторов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Babkin</surname><given-names>R. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабкин</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>babkin_ra@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhrova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махрова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>almah@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvednikova</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведникова</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darina.medvednikova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский экономический университет им. Г.В. Плеханова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Labor of the Ministry of Labor of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ВНИИ Труда Минтруда России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">РАНХиГС при Президенте Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>105</fpage><lpage>118</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-22"><day>22</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2587-5566/article/view/660810">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2587-5566/article/view/660810</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyzes the modern ethnic landscape of the Moscow agglomeration on the basis of data from mobile operators. The estimation of the number of foreign migrants and its monthly dynamics from October 2021 to October 2022 is made. The main areas of residence of foreigners have been identified, the ethnic diversity of municipalities has been assessed, and the main types of settlement pattern of national-ethnic communities have been identified. The study showed that the total number of foreign migrants in the agglomeration reaches 1.8 million people or 9% of the total population, remaining almost unchanged in spite of events of 2022, including the special military operation. The share of foreigners is minimal in ZATO (below 3%), it is also insignificant in the far suburbs of Moscow and in expensive districts of the capital city. At the same time, the threshold of 17% (the so-called “boiling point”, reflecting a sharp increase in the risks of interethnic conflicts and ghettoization of urban space) was overcome by 8 municipalities in the agglomeration. The two most noticeable areas of increased concentration of foreign migrants are identified in the south-east at the junction of Moscow and Moscow region (Lublino – Kotelniki) and in New Moscow (Mosrentgen – Sosenskoye). The calculation of the Ekkel ethnic mosaic index confirmed the presence of pronounced interethnic contact zones here. Increased index values were also noted in most central and southwest districts of Moscow, which, with a smaller proportion of foreigners living, are associated with a high density of offices, diplomatic institutions and universities. Three types of settlement patterns of national-ethnic groups of migrants, determined by the adaptive capabilities of ethnic communities, were revealed. Diffuse and relatively uniform settlement pattern is characteristic for both the most massive ethnic groups (citizens of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan) and the most culturally close to the local population (citizens of Ukraine and Belarus). Concentric settlement pattern (in residential areas of Moscow and satellite cities) is typical for relatively large ethnic groups coming from post-Soviet countries (citizens of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia). The local settlement pattern is typical for small ethnic communities that gravitate to specific districts of the capital city.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье на основе данных сотовых операторов проведен анализ современного этнического ландшафта Московской агломерации, формируемого иностранными мигрантами. Сделана оценка их общей численности и помесячной динамики с октября 2021 по октябрь 2022 г. Выделены основные районы проживания иностранцев, проведена оценка этнического разнообразия муниципалитетов, выявлены основные типы расселения национально-этнических сообществ. Исследование показало, что общая численность иностранных мигрантов в агломерации достигает 1.8 млн человек, или 9% всего населения, оставаясь практически неизменной на фоне событий 2022 г., включая специальную военную операцию. Доля иностранцев минимальна в ЗАТО (ниже 3%), невелика она и в дальнем Подмосковье, а также в дорогих районах столицы. При этом рубеж в 17%, так называемую точку кипения, отражающую резкое повышение рисков межэтнических конфликтов и геттоизации городского пространства, в агломерации преодолели 8 муниципалитетов. Два наиболее заметных ареала повышенной концентрации иностранных мигрантов выделены на юго-востоке на стыке Москвы и области (Люблино–Котельники) и в Новой Москве (Мосрентген–Соcенское). Расчет индекса этнической мозаичности Эккеля подтвердил наличие здесь выраженных межэтнических контактных зон. Повышенные значения индекса были отмечены и в большинстве районов центра и юго-запада столицы, что при меньшей доле проживающих иностранцев связано с высокой плотностью офисов, дипломатических учреждений и вузов. Анализ паттернов расселения национально-этнических групп мигрантов выявил три типа, детерминируемых адаптационными возможностями этнических сообществ. Диффузное относительно равномерное расселение свойственно как наиболее массовым этническим группам (граждане Таджикистана, Узбекистана и Кыргызстана), так и наиболее культурно близким местному населению (выходцы из Украины и Беларуси). Концентрическое расселение (в спальных районах Москвы и городах-спутниках) характерно для относительно крупных этнических групп из постсоветских стран (граждане Азербайджана, Армении, Грузии). Локальный тип свойственен небольшим этническим сообществам, тяготеющим к отдельным районам столицы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mobile operators’ data</kwd><kwd>Moscow</kwd><kwd>Moscow region</kwd><kwd>foreigners</kwd><kwd>migrants</kwd><kwd>settlement pattern</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>данные сотовых операторов</kwd><kwd>Москва</kwd><kwd>Московская область</kwd><kwd>иностранцы</kwd><kwd>мигранты</kwd><kwd>расселение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allen J., Farber S., Greaves S., Clifton G., Wu H., Sarkar H., Levinson D. Immigrant settlement patterns, transit accessibility, and transit use. J. Transp. 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