Bulletin of the RAS. GeographyBulletin of the RAS. GeographyИзвестия РАН. Серия географическая2587-55662658-6975The Russian Academy of Sciences66085410.31857/S2587556624030052SOKVIILandscapes and Ecosystems under Climate ChangeЛАНДШАФТЫ И ЭКОСИСТЕМЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ МЕНЯЮЩЕГОСЯ КЛИМАТАResearch ArticleStructure and Dynamics of Pinus sibirica Du Tour Forest Stands at the Upper Limit of Their Growth in the Western Part of the Katunsky Range (Altai) under Climate ChangeСтруктура и динамика древостоев Pinus sibirica Du Tour на верхнем пределе их произрастания в западной части Катунского хребта (Алтай) в условиях климатических измененийGrigorievA. A.ГригорьевА. А.
Russian Federation
grigoriev.a.a@ipae.uran.ruVyukhinS. O.ВьюхинС. О.
Russian Federation
grigoriev.a.a@ipae.uran.ruShalaumovaYu. V.ШалаумоваЮ. В.
Russian Federation
grigoriev.a.a@ipae.uran.ruBalakinD. S.БалакинД. С.
Russian Federation
grigoriev.a.a@ipae.uran.ruTimofeevA. S.ТимофеевА. С.
Russian Federation
grigoriev.a.a@ipae.uran.ruGromovA. M.ГромовА. М.
Russian Federation
grigoriev.a.a@ipae.uran.ruGolikovD. Yu.ГоликовД. Ю.
Russian Federation
grigoriev.a.a@ipae.uran.ruNizametdinovN. F.НизаметдиновН. Ф.
Russian Federation
grigoriev.a.a@ipae.uran.ruMoiseevP. A.МоисеевП. А.
Russian Federation
grigoriev.a.a@ipae.uran.ruInstitute of Plant and Animal Ecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут экологии растений и животных Уральского отделения Российской академии наукBotanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesБотанический сад Уральского отделения Российской академии наук1504202488332133622022025Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук2024Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/2587-5566/article/view/660854

The forest boundary is characterized by being highly sensitive to climate change. In this regard, monitoring the distribution of forested areas on the southern and northern boundaries of the forest in lowland conditions, as well as the upper and lower boundaries of the forest in mountainous regions, is one of the simplest and most effective methods for studying the response of vegetation to climate change. In the western part of the Katun Range (Central Altai), based on the use of classical dendrochronological methods, the age of 891 Pinus sibirica Du Tour trees growing at different altitudes above sea level was established. Comparison of the altitudinal position of the upper limit of tree vegetation according to topographic maps of 1956 and modern satellite images made it possible to establish the rate of change in forested areas depending on the presence or absence of edaphic restrictions for the successful regeneration of tree species. It is shown that, starting from the second half of the 20th century. There is an intensive expansion of Pinus sibirica, the most common tree species in the study area, into the belt of mountain meadows and tundras. The nature and rate of colonization by woody vegetation vary significantly depending on the exposure of the slope and its hypsometric characteristics. The closest connections were found between the appearance of cedar and climatic indicators of the cold period (temperature and precipitation), this is especially typical for slopes with northern and eastern exposures. It was shown that the expansion of the forest was favored by a general change in climatic conditions in the study area.

Граница леса характеризуется высокой чувствительную к изменениям климата. В этой связи мониторинг распределения лесопокрытых площадей на южной и северной границах леса в равнинных условиях, а также верхней и нижней границах леса в горных регионах является одним из наиболее простых и эффективных методов изучения реакции растительности на климатические изменения. В западной части Катунского хребта (Центральный Алтай) на основе использования классических методов дендрохронологии был установлен возраст 891 дерева Pinus sibirica Du Tour, произрастающих на разной высоте над уровнем моря. Сравнение высотного положения верхней границы древесной растительности по данным топографических карт 1956 г. и современных спутниковых снимков позволило установить скорость изменения лесопокрытых площадей в зависимости от наличия или отсутствия эдафических ограничений для успешного возобновления древесных видов. Показано, что, начиная со второй половины ХХ в., происходит интенсивная экспансия Pinus sibirica – наиболее распространенного в районе исследования древесного вида, в пояс горных лугов и тундр. Характер и темпы заселения древесной растительностью имеют значительные различия в зависимости от экспозиции склона и его гипсометрических характеристик. Наиболее тесные связи обнаружены между появлением кедра и климатическими показателями холодного периода (температурой и осадками), особенно это характерно для склонов северной и восточной экспозиций. Показано, что экспансии леса благоприятствовало общее изменение климатических условий в районе исследований.

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