Bulletin of the RAS. GeographyBulletin of the RAS. GeographyИзвестия РАН. Серия географическая2587-55662658-6975The Russian Academy of Sciences68399410.31857/S2587556625010095CSEJMRArticlesСтатьиResearch ArticleChanges in the Spatial Structure of the North Rhine-Westphalia Economy Since the Middle of the 20th CenturyИзменение территориальной структуры экономики земли Северный Рейн-Вестфалия с середины XX векаShuvalovaO. V.ШуваловаО. В.
Russian Federation
dvigh@mail.ruInstitute of Geography, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут географии Российской академии наук15022025891СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫЙ ВЫПУСК: ПОСТИНДУСТРИАЛЬНЫЙ МИР: ТРЕНДЫ, СДВИГИ И ПУЛЬСАЦИИ12213611062025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/2587-5566/article/view/683994

The article presents a spatial statistical modeling of employment in the North Rhine-Westphalia. The source of information was statistical reference books for the years 1948 to 2021. We examined the level of municipal districts and extra-district cities. As a result of administrative-territorial reforms, the number of districts varied from 53 to 94. In order to process heterogeneous statistics and to identify differences, the territory of North Rhine-Westphalia was divided into 400 cells of equal size. The statistics were linked to these cells by appropriate recalculations. Spatial schemes were constructed. The dates of fundamental shifts in the spatial structure of the economy of North Rhine-Westphalia were identified. The main changes affected the economic centers of the state—the Ruhr area and the Rhine region. New growth poles appeared on the periphery of the region—the case of Bielefeld and Münster. The historical and current degree of polarization of the economic landscape by industry, trade and transport was studied. Whereas in the past industrial enterprises were concentrated in industrial centers, today they are relatively evenly distributed throughout the region. Each factory has its own function in the production process.

В статье проведено пространственное статистическое моделирование занятости населения по отраслям экономики в одной из федеральных земель Германии — в Северном Рейне-Вестфалии. Источником информации стали статистические справочники за 1948–2021 гг. Исследование проводилось на уровне муниципальных округов и внерайонных городов. В результате административно-территориальных реформ их число менялось — от 53 до 94. Для обработки разнородных статистических данных и выявления различий территория Северного Рейна-Вестфалии была разбита на 400 ячеек равной величины. Статистические данные путем перерасчетов были привязаны к этим ячейкам. На этой основе построены территориальные схемы и выявлены даты, когда географический рисунок занятости претерпевал кардинальные изменения. Главные изменения коснулись экономических центров земли — области Рура и области Рейна. Появились новые полюса роста на периферии региона — города Билефельд и Мюнстер. Была рассчитана степень поляризации экономического ландшафта по разным секторам экономики (по промышленности, торговле и транспорту) на разных этапах исторического развития. Если раньше промышленные предприятия были сконцентрированы в крупных промышленных центрах, то сегодня они относительно равномерно распределены по территории федеральной земли и каждое выполняет свою функцию в производственном процессе.

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