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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bulletin of the RAS. Geography</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulletin of the RAS. Geography</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия РАН. Серия географическая</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2587-5566</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6975</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">692232</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2587556625020078</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ПРИРОДНЫХ СИСТЕМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Landscape and climate change in the northern mongolian plateau during the late glacial and holocene (based on the shaamar loess-soil section)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ландшафтно-климатические изменения на севере монгольского нагорья в течение позднеледниковья и голоцена (на примере лёссово-почвенного разреза шаамар в долине р. Орхон)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timireva</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимирева</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>jukon02@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khokhlova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хохлова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sycheva</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычева</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Batkhishig</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Simakova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симакова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinin</surname><given-names>P. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинин</surname><given-names>П. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bolormaa</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Byambaa</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kononov</surname><given-names>Y. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кононов</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт географии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Physical-Chemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физико-химических и биологических проблем почвоведения РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Geography and Geoecology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт географии и геоэкологии Монгольской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Геологический институт РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>89</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 89, NO2 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 89, №2 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>235</fpage><lpage>249</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-07"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-04-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2587-5566/article/view/692232">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2587-5566/article/view/692232</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents the results of paleosol and paleogeographic studies of the Shaamar loess-soil section located in the Northern Mongolian Plateau. The main periods of eolian sedimentation and soil formation in the Late Glacial and Holocene are reconstructed. Based on radiocarbon data, it was indicated the longest period of soil formation that took place during the Bølling/Allered interstadial (~15.000–~12.500 years ago). For this time, the most favorable conditions for the chernozem soil formation with the dominance of open steppe landscapes and an arid climatic situation have been reconstructed. The next soil formation period corresponds to the Boreal phase of the early Holocene (~9.500 years ago). At this time, forest-steppe soils were formed, in which signs of textural differentiation and waterlogging processes were revealed. According to the pollen analysis, in addition to grasses, pine and birch pollen is recorded in noticeable quantities. In the Middle Holocene (~8500–~3500 years ago), an increase in aeolian activity is recorded against the background of climate aridization and cooling. At the same time, according to micromorphological data, short-term periods of waterlogging are recorded in both pedosediments and aeolian deposits, which was most likely a result of seasonal permafrost melting. In the late Holocene (the last ~3500 years ago), according to palynological data, a noticeable climate humidification is noted, which led to an expansion of the range of forest vegetation. Pine forests were widely represented in the territory. The data obtained allow a more accurate determination of the age of the main stages of soil formation, which significantly improves the understanding of the patterns of climate change in the north of the Mongolian Plateau at the end of the Last Glaciation and the Holocene.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Представлены результаты комплексных палеопочвенных и палеогеографических исследований лёссово-почвенного разреза Шаамар, расположенного на севере центральной части Монгольского нагорья. Реконструированы основные этапы формирования почв и эоловых отложений в позднеледниковье и голоцене. Основываясь на данных радиоуглеродного датирования, установлено, что наиболее длительный этап почвообразования имел место во время интерстадиального потепления Беллинг/Аллеред (~15000–~12500 л. н.). Для этого времени реконструированы наиболее благоприятные условия для образования черноземов с доминированием открытых степных ландшафтов и аридной климатической обстановки. Следующий этап почвообразования соответствует бореальному периоду раннего голоцена (~9500 л. н.). В это время в регионе формируются лесостепные почвы, в которых выявлены признаки процессов текстурной дифференциации и переувлажнения. По данным спорово-пыльцевого анализа помимо трав фиксируется пыльца сосны и березы в заметном количестве. В среднем голоцене (~8500–~3500 л. н.) фиксируется усиление эоловой деятельности на фоне аридизации климата и похолодания. Вместе с тем, согласно микроморфологическим данным, как в педоседиментах, так и в эоловых наносах фиксируются кратковременные периоды переувлажнения, которые могли быть следствием сезонного таяния мерзлых пород. В позднем голоцене (последние ~3500 л. н.) по палинологическим данным, отмечается заметное увлажнение климата, повлекшее расширение ареала лесной растительности. На территории были широко представлены сосновые леса. Полученные данные позволяют более точно определить возраст основных этапов почвообразования, что заметно улучшают понимание закономерностей климатических изменений на севере Монгольского нагорья в конце последнего оледенения и голоцене.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>paleoclimate</kwd><kwd>paleosols</kwd><kwd>loesses</kwd><kwd>late glacial</kwd><kwd>Holocene</kwd><kwd>Mongolian Mountain Plateau</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>палеоклимат</kwd><kwd>лёссы</kwd><kwd>палеопочвы</kwd><kwd>позднеледниковье</kwd><kwd>голоцен</kwd><kwd>Монгольское нагорье</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке Российского научного фонда по проекту № 22-17-00265.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Астахов В.И. Лёссоиды и другие индикаторы северного перигляциала // Геоморфология и палеогеография. 2024. № 55 (2). 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