Clinical nutrition and metabolismClinical nutrition and metabolismКлиническое питание и метаболизм2658-44332782-2974Eco-Vector32194710.17816/clinutr321947BIJVALReviewsНаучные обзорыReview ArticleIssues of diagnosis and correction of hypomagnesemia in the intensive care unit patientsВопросы диагностики и коррекции гипомагниемии у пациентов в условиях отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапииhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-89034974-9195SviridovSergey V.СвиридовСергей Викторович
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

доктор медицинских наук, профессор

sergey.sviridov.59@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8776-13688971-9870ManevskiyAndrey A.МаневскийАндрей Александрович
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

кандидат медицинских наук

a_manevskiy@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4995-10488520-0376KocherginVladimir G.КочергинВладимир Гаврилович
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

кандидат медицинских наук

asqwerty1@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1232-67676199-6980VedeninaIrina V.ВеденинаИрина Викторовна
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor

кандидат медицинских наук, доцент

viv54@mail.ruThe Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. PirogovРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. ПироговаPetrovsky National Research Centre of SurgeryРоссийский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. ПетровскогоMoscow Clinical Scientific Center n.a. A.S. LoginovМосковский клинический научно-практический центр им. А.С. Логинова0107202512082025541681780704202312062025Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор2025Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-4433/article/view/321947

Various electrolyte imbalances, including changes in magnesium levels, are characteristic of critically ill patients. However, routine measurement of magnesium concentration is often omitted, which may result in the development of hypomagnesemia.

We conducted a review of the medical scientific data on this issue to present the current state of knowledge.

To address the stated objectives, a scientific data search was performed in the eLIBRARY.RU and PubMed databases covering the period from 1975 to 2024. Articles in English and Russian were analyzed using the following keywords: “hypomagnesemia”, “electrolyte imbalance”, “potassium”, “sodium”, and “intensive care unit”. Full-text articles describing hypomagnesemia in critically ill adult patients in the general population, excluding obstetric conditions, were included in the analysis.

The results of the analysis showed that in this patient category, hypomagnesemia is associated with increased mortality, higher incidence of sepsis, prolonged mechanical ventilation, longer hospital stays, and elevated one-year post-discharge mortality rates. In this regard, routine magnesium assessment should be mandatory for intensive care unit patients with gastrointestinal, endocrine, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as with acute kidney injury or exacerbation of chronic kidney disease. Further research is required to clarify the therapeutic role of magnesium in improving outcomes for critically ill patients.

Для пациентов в критическом состоянии характерны различные нарушения электролитного баланса, в том числе изменение содержания магния. Однако рутинное измерение концентрации магния не выполняют, что приводит к развитию гипомагниемии. Мы провели обзор медицинской литературы, посвящённой данной проблеме, чтобы обсудить современное состояние вопроса.

Для выполнения поставленных задач проведён литературный поиск в базах данных eLibrary и PubMed с 1975 по 2024 год. Проанализированы статьи на английском и русском языках, по ключевым словам: «гипомагниемия», «дисбаланс электролитов», «калий», «натрий», «отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии». В анализ были включены полнотекстовые статьи, описывающие состояние гипомагниемии у взрослых больных общей популяции в критическом состоянии, за исключением акушерской патологии.

Результаты анализа показали, что у данной категории пациентов гипомагниемия ассоциирована с повышенным уровнем смертности, большей частотой развития сепсиса, увеличением продолжительности искусственной вентиляции лёгких, а также увеличением сроков госпитализации и летальности в течение года после выписки из стационара. В этой связи рутинное исследование магния следует сделать обязательным для пациентов отделений интенсивной терапии с заболеваниями желудочно-кишечного тракта, эндокринной системы, сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями, при острых повреждениях или обострении хронических заболеваний почек. Необходимо дальнейшее изучение терапевтической роли магния для улучшения результатов лечения тяжелобольных пациентов.

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