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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Clinical nutrition and metabolism</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Clinical nutrition and metabolism</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническое питание и метаболизм</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-4433</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-2974</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">71107</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/clinutr71107</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Sarcopenia and its diagnosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Саркопения: как её диагностировать?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6043-1617</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9590-7661</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakrevsky</surname><given-names>Anton I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закревский</surname><given-names>Антон Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>antonzakrevskiy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4556-8375</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9950-4903</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фёдорова</surname><given-names>Анна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>dr.fedorova.anna@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8121-4160</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7004439316</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">K-3814-2015</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4433-1418</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pasechnik</surname><given-names>Igor N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пасечник</surname><given-names>Игорь Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>pasigor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-6288</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6310-0172</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutepov</surname><given-names>Dmitry E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутепов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>kutepovde@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affair</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральная государственная медицинская академия Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральная государственная медицинская академия Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical hospital 1 of the Department of Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клиническая больница № 1 Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2021-11-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-05-30"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-07-21"><day>21</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Zakrevsky A.I., Fedorova A.A., Pasechnik I.N., Kutepov D.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Закревский А.И., Фёдорова А.А., Пасечник И.Н., Кутепов Д.Е.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakrevsky A.I., Fedorova A.A., Pasechnik I.N., Kutepov D.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Закревский А.И., Фёдорова А.А., Пасечник И.Н., Кутепов Д.Е.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-4433/article/view/71107">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-4433/article/view/71107</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>An increased life expectancy is associated with an increased number of persons suffering from sarcopenia, as manifested by a loss of muscle mass, strength, and body functions (decreased performance) due to aging processes.</p> <p>The development of sarcopenia significantly reduces the quality of life of patients and worsens the results of treatment in the event of life-threatening conditions. Unfortunately, clinicians underestimate its diagnosis and do not pay enough attention to the muscle conditions, as well as the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.</p> <p>To date, active research and search for methods for diagnosing sarcopenia and similar pathological conditions of the muscle tissue (cachexia, fatty infiltration, and inflammatory lesions of muscle tissue) are conducted. Various scales are used to detect sarcopenia at the prehospital stage. An example is the Strength, Assistance with Walking, Rising from a Chair, Climbing Stairs, and Falls questionnaire that assess the following indicators: lifting a load, walking around the room, getting out of bed, climbing the stairs, and involuntary falls. The use of scales is limited in a hospital setting; thus, instrumental diagnostic methods are more informative, particularly bioimpedance, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, but the most in demand is ultrasound imaging of the muscle tissue.</p> <p>The dynamics of the severity of sarcopenia is a promising method used to assess nutritional support and rehabilitation measures in patients under intensive care.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Увеличение продолжительности жизни ассоциирует с возрастанием числа лиц, страдающих саркопенией, что проявляется потерей мышечной массы, силы и функций организма (снижение работоспособности) вследствие процессов старения.</p> <p>Развитие саркопении значительно снижает качество жизни больных и ухудшает результаты лечения при возникновении жизнеугрожающих состояний. К сожалению, клиницисты, недооценивая диагноз, уделяют недостаточно внимания состоянию мышц, а также вопросам профилактики и лечения саркопении.</p> <p>На сегодняшний день ведутся активные исследования и поиски методов диагностики саркопении и схожих с ней патологических состояний мышечной ткани (кахексия, жировая инфильтрация, воспалительное поражение мышечной ткани). Для выявления саркопении на догоспитальном этапе используют различные шкалы. Так, например, опросник SARC-F позволяет оценить следующие показатели: подъём груза, ходьбу по комнате, вставание с кровати, подъём по лестнице, непроизвольные падения. В стационаре возможность применения шкал ограничена, поэтому более информативны инструментальные методы диагностики, в частности биоимпедансометрия, двухэнергетическая рентгеновская абсорбциометрия, компьютерная и магнитно-резонансная томография, однако наиболее востребованной является ультразвуковая визуализация мышечной ткани.</p> <p>Динамика выраженности саркопении ― перспективный метод, применяемый для оценки нутритивной поддержки и реабилитационных мероприятий у реанимационных больных.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sarcopenia</kwd><kwd>ultrasound examination</kwd><kwd>nutritional support</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>саркопения</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>нутритивная поддержка</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenberg IH. 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