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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Volgograd Journal of Medical Research</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Volgograd Journal of Medical Research</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Волгоградский научно-медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-4514</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Volgograd State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">692107</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19163/2658-4514-2025-22-3-65-72</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Morphometric changes in the hippocampus and amygdala of mice in a model of chronic defeat stress</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфометрические изменения в гиппокампе и миндалевидном теле мышей при моделировании хронического стресса поражения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2679-7524</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorofeev</surname><given-names>Nikita A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорофеев</surname><given-names>Никита Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant of the Department, Pathologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры, врач-патологоанатом</p></bio><email>dorofeev.na@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5351-6105</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Алексей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой</p></bio><email>alexeysmirnov.volggmu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3858-7279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samarkin</surname><given-names>Daniil D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самаркин</surname><given-names>Даниил Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student of the Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры</p></bio><email>arneld@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7574-3923</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyurenkov</surname><given-names>Ivan N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюренков</surname><given-names>Иван Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корреспондент РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой</p></bio><email>fibfuv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykhalov</surname><given-names>Leonid S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быхалов</surname><given-names>Леонид Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры</p></bio><email>leonby-vgd@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Volgograd State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Volgograd Regional Clinical Oncology Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Волгоградский областной клинический онкологический диспансер</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Volgograd Regional Clinical Oncology Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-05"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-05"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Dorofeev N.A., Smirnov A.V., Samarkin D.D., Tyurenkov I.N., Bykhalov L.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Дорофеев Н.А., Смирнов А.В., Самаркин Д.Д., Тюренков И.Н., Быхалов Л.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dorofeev N.A., Smirnov A.V., Samarkin D.D., Tyurenkov I.N., Bykhalov L.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дорофеев Н.А., Смирнов А.В., Самаркин Д.Д., Тюренков И.Н., Быхалов Л.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-4514/article/view/692107">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-4514/article/view/692107</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Under the influence of chronic stress, including social stress, a person can develop borderline states and mental illnesses. The mechanisms and morphological substrate underlying them are studied using animal modeling, including the paradigm of chronic social defeat stress. However, there are poorly developed aspects and inconsistencies in the literature that require clarification. <bold>Objective. </bold>To study morphological changes in the hippocampus and amygdala during chronic social defeat stress modeling in mice in comparison with control animals. <bold>Materials and Methods.</bold> The study was conducted in the paradigm of "chronic social defeat stress" using the previously described technique on linear mice (CBA/lac). Upon completion of the experiment, brain micropreparations stained according to Nissl were studied with visual and morphometric assessment. <bold>Results. </bold>The obtained results confirm that the substructures of the hippocampus and amygdala participate in the body's reactions to chronic social stress, which is manifested in changes in the morphometric characteristics of neurons. In the CA1 field of the hippocampus, an increase in the density of neurons is observed with minor atrophy of the cells themselves, while in the CA3 field, hypertrophy of neurons is revealed, mainly due to an increase in the volume of the cytoplasm, with a decrease in the folding of the cellular and nuclear membranes against the background of a slight average decrease in the density of neurons. In the lateral, basolateral and basomedial nuclei of the amygdala, atrophic changes in neurons are noted, which are not accompanied by significant changes in their density. <bold>Conclusion.</bold> The described morphometric data are consistent with a number of functional and biochemical changes that can cause them. At the same time, there are discrepancies that require further comprehensive study of the issue from the point of view of the morphofunctional approach.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Под влиянием хронических стрессовых воздействий, в том числе социального характера, у человека могу развиваться пограничные состояния и психические заболевания. Изучение механизмов и морфологического субстрата, лежащих в их основе, проводится с помощью моделирования на животных, в том числе в парадигме хронического социального стресса поражения. Однако в литературе имеются слабо проработанные аспекты и несоответствия, требующие уточнений. <bold>Цель работы.</bold> Изучение морфологических изменений в гиппокампе и миндалевидном теле при моделировании хронического социального стресса у мышей в сравнении с контрольными животными. <bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Исследование проведено в парадигме «хронического социального стресса поражения» по методике, описанной ранее, на линейных мышах (CBA/lac). По окончании эксперимента производилось изучение микропрепаратов головного мозга, окрашенных по Нисслю, с визуальной и морфометрической оценкой. <bold>Результаты.</bold> Полученные результаты подтверждают, что субструктуры гиппокампа и миндалевидного тела участвуют в реакциях организма на хронический социальный стресс, что проявляется в изменении морфометрических характеристик нейронов. В поле CA1 гиппокампа наблюдается увеличение плотности нейронов при незначительной атрофии самих клеток, тогда как в поле CA3 выявляется гипертрофия нейронов, главным образом за счет увеличения объема цитоплазмы, с уменьшением складчатости клеточной и ядерной мембран на фоне небольшого среднего снижения плотности нейронов. В латеральном, базолатеральном и базомедиальном ядрах миндалевидного тела отмечены атрофические изменения нейронов, которые не сопровождаются значительными изменениями их плотности. <bold>Заключение.</bold> Описанные морфометрические данные согласуются с рядом функционально-биохимических изменений, которые могут их обуславливать. При этом имеются расхождения, требующие дальнейшего комплексного изучения вопроса с точки зрения морфофункционального подхода.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic stress</kwd><kwd>social defeat</kwd><kwd>mice</kwd><kwd>hippocampus</kwd><kwd>amygdala</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический стресс</kwd><kwd>социальное поражение</kwd><kwd>мыши</kwd><kwd>гиппокамп</kwd><kwd>миндалевидное тело</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Patel D., Kas M. J., Chattarji S., Buwalda B. Rodent models of social stress and neuronal plasticity: Relevance to depressive-like disorders. Behavioural brain research. 2019;369:111900.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Koskinen M.-K., van Mourik Y., Smit A. B., Riga D., Spijker S. 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