Vol 2, No 2 (2020)

Articles

Historical and Cultural Contexts of the Origin of Book Culture in Samara (to the 390th Anniversary of the Samara Manuscript)

Makarov A.I.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the circumstances of the creation in Samara in 1628-1629 of the most interesting literary monument: the illuminated manuscript collection including the lists of «The Story of Barlaam and Joasaph» and «The Life of Niphont of Constance». In the millennial manuscript tradition of these works of Church writing, the Samara lists represent unique examples. The appearance of the manuscript was connected with the events of the end of the Time of Troubles in Russia: the implementation of the Deulin armistice of 1618, as well as with the court conflicts of the first years of the reign of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, with the boyars of Saltykov. The creation of the Samara manuscript marked the birth of book culture in Samara - an event that is now 390 years old.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2020;2(2):3-15
pages 3-15 views

«Strukachi» - Park that is Older than the Province

Zubova O.V.

Abstract

The author describes the stages of the formation of the territory and the history of the name of the first public park in the city of Samara; the article is based on written sources and archival documents.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2020;2(2):16-23
pages 16-23 views

VYAZOVOYE - MANOR OF THE NOBLEMEN BOUTOROVS

Sumburova E.I.

Abstract

The article is based on the Boutorov family’s autodocumentary texts and devoted to the life, economic activity and social environment of the family of hereditary noblemen who lived in Syzran district of Simbirsk province in 1890 - 1917. The author analyzes the circumstances of the Boutorov’s move from the capital to the province, since this was atypical behavior for the Russian nobility at the turn of the XIX - XX century. On the basis of the family memories, she makes an attempt to reconstruct the image of the Boutorov’s estate (destroyed during the revolutionary events) as a «Nest of Gentlefolk» and a standard of family life for its owners.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2020;2(2):24-31
pages 24-31 views

TEXTILE INDUSTRY OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION IN 1941-1945

Chigrin M.V.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the development of the textile branch of the light industry of the Ulyanovsk region in 1941-1945 and written on the basis of previously unknown archive documents. The author considers the indicators of work of the textile enterprises, the course of socialist competitions, and also analyses the factors that impeded the development of production capacities.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2020;2(2):32-40
pages 32-40 views

THE LAPLAND DISPUTE AND THE ARGUMENTATION OF IVAN IV VASILIEVICH IN THE BORDER DISPUTE BETWEEN RUSSIA AND DENMARK-NORWAY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TSAR’S LETTER TO THE KING OF DENMARK OF JULY 1582)

Tolkachev M.V.

Abstract

The article is devoted to study of the issues connected with intensification of the Lapland dispute in the second half of the 16th century, as well as to examination of arguments of Tsar Ivan’s IV the Terrible in the border dispute with Frederic II king of Denmark-Norway. The author tries to find the examples of mutual influence between the Lapland dispute and the Estonian issue which was discussed by Russia and Denmark in connection with the Livonian War.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2020;2(2):41-51
pages 41-51 views

CONTEXTUAL FEATURES OF THE COLONIAL CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE ON THE EVE OF THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR OF 1754-1763

Makarov E.P.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the economic context of the international contention between the colonial administration of Virginia and the authorities of New France over the development of the territories of the Ohio Valley, which took place in the 1753-1754. Investigation of the role of the military aristocratic clans of Virginia in the events preceding the start of the French and Indian War of 1754-1763 helps to analyze social and economic bounds between colonial authorities, local traders, planters, and metropolitan officials. The international political component of the actions carried out by the British colonists before the start of an open armed conflict in 1754 represents a distinct subject of analysis.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2020;2(2):52-58
pages 52-58 views

THE CHRISTIAN POPULATION OF CONSTANTINOPLE IN THE 1ST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY

Kudriavtseva E.P.

Abstract

Since the ancient times, the capital of the Byzantine and then Ottoman empires has been a major international center, a major transport node that was crucial for both land and sea trade routes from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea. The unique geopolitical role of Constantinople in the life of the Mediterranean ecumene was obvious already in antiquity. With the accession of the Ottomans on the shores of the Bosphorus, the role of Turkey in pan-European international relations increased drastically. Turkey has become a welcome ally for the leading Western European powers - England and France - its territory granted access to the trade route to the East. Even after the Turks conquered Constantinople, it remained a multinational city with a large Christians population - both Catholics and Orthodox. There were quarters of their residence in the city: Fanar, Pera, Galata and others. The city was famous for translators, dragomen, who, as residents of Levant, were indispensable assistants to the European embassies in their daily relations with Porta. Christians, both Catholics and Orthodox, made up a significant part of population of the Turkish capital, approximately the same proportion of the Muslim and the Christian population of Constantinople remained for quite a long time. The role of Christians in government and in the diplomatic service was constantly significant.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2020;2(2):59-68
pages 59-68 views

SARATOV PERIODICALS OF THE 1918-1921 AS A SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF REGIONAL BOOK PUBLISHING IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

Kasovich A.S.

Abstract

Saratov periodicals of the 1918-1921 are valuable sources on the history of the regional book publishing in different fields. The article is based on the publications from the newspaper «News of the Saratov Council...» and the magazines «Enlightenment», «Proletarian Education», «Red Army Soldier», Cooperative Thought»; the author traces the processes of the formation of Soviet book publishing, which was based on the efforts of various scientific and educational communities, consumer cooperation, military publishers and, above all, on the activity of the publishing commission of the Saratov Provincial Council for the People Education. Due to the initiative of the Council for the People Education, it became possible to publish a number of textbooks for higher education, mainly on medicine and natural sciences. The emergence of scientific literature was often preceded by articles in the local periodicals. The production of educational and scientific literature accelerated with the formation of the Saratov branch of the State Publishing House in 1920. The specificity of the region was the presence of a strong core of qualified teachers of the University of Saratov, who prepared new editions of well-known works, and also were authors of original textbooks and manuals: among them there were professors A.A. Heraklitov, L.N. Yurovsky, A.I. Berdnikov, N.A. Granstrom, N.G. Stadnitsky, P.S. Grigorjev, A.A. Bogomolets, N.K. Pixanov.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2020;2(2):69-79
pages 69-79 views

«THE SOUL IS SO HARD TO HEAL. IT IS MORTALLY WOUNDED SOME-TIMES...»: A FRONT-LINE DIARY AS AN HISTORICAL SOURCE

Godovova E.V.

Abstract

The author presents the source of personal origin of the period of the Great Patriotic War, that is, the front-line diary. On the one hand, it allows to reconstruct certain historical events witnessed by the author, on the other hand, it provides an opportunity to look into his mental world and reconstruct his self-perceptions, since letters and diaries reflected the soul of a person in war, that is not available for any other types of sources.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2020;2(2):80-84
pages 80-84 views

THE STUDY OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE BY THE SPECIALISTS OF THE CENTRAL AEROHYDRODYNAMIC INSTITUTE (TsAGI) IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1920s (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM THE RUSSIAN STATE ARCHIVE IN SAMARA)

Zaharchenko A.V., Ryzhkova S.A.

Abstract

The article is based on archival documents and devoted to the process of studying of foreign technologies by the engineers of one of the largest research institutes (the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute, or TsAGI) in the 1920s. The authors reveal the importance of the obtained information for the development of national science and technology. The duty journeys of Soviet engineers in the 1920s became a significant factor in the expansion of the relations between the USSR and Germany, France, Sweden, Belgium and other European countries after the First World War and contributed to the development of scientific and technical thought.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2020;2(2):85-91
pages 85-91 views

RESEARCHER VLADIMIR PETROVICH SAPON: HISTORICAL SURVEYS

Semenova E.Y.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific works of the Nizhny Novgorod historian, Vladimir Petrovich Sapon. The author outlines the directions of the creative activity of the researcher and characterized historian’s contribution to the study of left-liberal ideology and left-liberal political forces in the late imperial period of Russian history. The author tried to show the versatility of scholarly heritage of V.P. Sapon as a historian and local historian.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2020;2(2):92-96
pages 92-96 views

CULTURAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL GROUPS AND ETHNO-CULTURAL PROCESSES IN THE MESOLITHIC OF THE ULYANOVSK VOLGA REGION

Viskalin A.V.

Abstract

The paper summarizes the results of the study of the Mesolithic era in the Ulyanovsk region. The range of used sources was expanded due to the allocation of Mesolithic admixture in a number of sites previously considered Neolithic (Lugovoe III, Lebyazhye I, II, Melekess III-V, Elshanka X). It seems possible to distinguish 3 main cultural and chronological groups of Mesolithic monuments belonging to the Ust-Kamskaya, Kamskaya and related Romanovsko-Ilmurzinskaya cultures, as well as to the Russian-Lugovskaya culture. In the Early Mesolithic, the Volga valley from the mouth of the Kama river to Ulyanovsk was occupied by the Ust-Kamakaya culture. In the Middle Mesolithic it was replaced by the bearers of the microlithic tradition of the Kamskaya and Romanovsko-Ilmurzinkaya cultures that came from the Trans-Urals; some groups of them reached the Sura river. At the same time the Russian-Lugovskaya culture was spreading in the Mari-Chuvash Volga region and in the bordering areas of the Ulyanovsk region. At the end of the Mesolithic era, there was a general movement of the population in the northern direction and the arrival of the steppe population of the Seroglazovkaya culture; this was caused by the beginning of cooling and aridification of the Volga steppe zone.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2020;2(2):97-106
pages 97-106 views

PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF CULTURAL GENESIS IN THE NEOLITHIC OF THE MARI VOLGA REGION (STUDY RESULTS)

Nikitin V.V.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the results of researches of archaeological cultures of the Neolithic era led by the Mari archaeological expedition in 1956-2015. As a result of field work, numerous collections of material culture of the inhabitants of long-term settlements and short-term sites were obtained, which allowed researchers to distinguish four cultural formations on the base of the original complexes of earthenware (the main indicator of culture): 1 - Dubovskaya, 2 - Kamskaya, 3 - Jurinskaya, 4 - Maidanskaya. The author characterizes the basic elements of each cultural complex, as well as the principles of the distinction of cultures.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2020;2(2):107-120
pages 107-120 views

MATERIALS OF STONE AND COPPER-STONE AGES OF THE SETTLEMENT POINT 380 ON THE UPPER DON

Smol’yaninov R.V., Yurkina E.S., Kokotkina A.V., Klokov A.Y.

Abstract

The article contains an analysis of the materials from the settlement of Point 380, located in the floodplain of the Voronezh River (Don basin) in the Dobrovsky district of the Lipetsk region. A.Yu. Klokov collected the raised materials of the VII-IV millennium BC in soil emissions from the dredger. 289 pieces of stone artifacts, seven bone products and a large number of ceramics were discovered on the site. The results of the analysis of the stone collection allow to say that the technique of stone splitting on the site could be described as a flake-blade technique. The ceramic dishes can be attributed to five Neolithic-Eneolithic cultures: Srednedonskaya, L’yalovskaya (archaic and late stages), Nizhnedonskaya, Srednestogovskaya and Repinskaya.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2020;2(2):121-129
pages 121-129 views

THE SINGLE BURIAL MOUND NEAR SERTEYA VILLAGE (SMOLENSK REGION) - THE COMPLEX OF NEOLITHIC AND MEDIEVAL OBJECTS

Mazurkevich A.N., Dolbunova E.V., Aleksandrovsky A.L., Fassbinder J., Sablin M.V., Shirobokov I.G.

Abstract

The single burial mound is located near Serteya village, on a right shore of the Serteyka River (NW Russia). It was found by E.A. Schmidt in 1951 and was attributed to Old Russian period. Burials of this type are usually attributed to the era of the Long tumulus culture. New researches of the burial mound conducted in 2013-2014 allowed to uncover several diachronous constructive objects. The first stage was connected with the place of flint knapping, that was located on a natural elevation. It can be attributed to the 6th mill BC basing on early Neolithic pottery fragments found nearby. The next period, when a ritual platform with a ditch was organized on this place, is dated to the second part of the 3rd mill BC. Later, another mound with a small ditch was created over the platform; due to a ceramic fragment found here, it can be attributed to the culture of Long tumulus. Dating made on burnt bones and charcoal showed that the 1st and 2nd stages of this construction can be dated to the second part of the 3rd mill BC, the time of the late stage of Zhizhitskaya culture of pile-dwellers and initial stage of Uzmenskaya culture. The animal (elk) bones were cremated along with bronze objects, that can be evidenced due to patina traces left on bones; such rite has been recorded for the first time. Later, a bonfire site was made on the flat platform, and the separate fire-places were made on the slopes of the burial mound. This complex can be interpreted as a ritual place of the late Neolithic - the beginning of the Bronze Age; based on radiocarbon dates, we can say that it existed for a long period of time. Nowadays it is difficult to find analogies to such ritual complex of the 3rd mill BC. Only kurgan burial mounds of Corded ware culture dated to the 3rd mill BC are known on the territory of Poland and Upper Dniepr area. We might also suppose that some of the sites with such a burial rite, which are usually attributed to the culture of Long tumulus, could be also attributed to the remains of such ritual sites; this can be established by further researches. The last reconstruction of the complex was made in the late 19th century.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2020;2(2):130-144
pages 130-144 views

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