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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физическая и реабилитационная медицина, медицинская реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-6843</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1436</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">111899</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36425/rehab111899</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЙ ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Stroke biomarkers: Issues of diagnosis and medical rehabilitation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Биомаркеры инсульта: вопросы диагностики и медицинской реабилитации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6219-8855</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1143-4227</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarev</surname><given-names>Grigory V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарев</surname><given-names>Григорий Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>grigoryponomarev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-3091</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7714-6154</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakova</surname><given-names>Alexandra V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полякова</surname><given-names>Александра Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>polyakova.alexandra@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3412-0038</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9565-1368</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorova</surname><given-names>Mariia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохорова</surname><given-names>Мария Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с.</p></bio><email>airty@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0340-4110</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3340-2897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voznjouk</surname><given-names>Igor A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вознюк</surname><given-names>Игорь Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>voznjouk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg institute of emergency care n.a. I.I. Dzhanelidze</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени И.И. Джанелидзе</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Балтийский федеральный университет им. Иммануила Канта</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-11-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>259</fpage><lpage>270</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-10-14"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-10-31"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-6843/article/view/111899">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-6843/article/view/111899</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Stroke is the main death and invalidization factor throughout the world. Stroke prevention, early diagnostics and treatment, as well as proper rehabilitation, are the key research directions to reduce death and invalidization numbers.</p> <p>Current clinical practice widely uses many biochemical markers (biomarkers) found in blood, urine or cerebrospinal fluid to make therapeutic decisions. Used along with standard examination methods, the potential benefit of stroke biomarkers could be seen in stroke type differential diagnostics, complication development forecasting and rehabilitation events personification.</p> <p>Many potential stroke biomarkers and combined panels, including those used for rehabilitation intensity estimation, are described in science literature. Among them prevail peptide molecules connected with the damage of neurons and their axons, neuroglia, brain vessels endothelium. Less attention is given to blood proteins, lipids and other metabolites. There appears more and more reliable data on circulating nucleic acids as stroke manifestation and progress markers.</p> <p>Despite obvious clinical and economical biomarkers prospects, no studied stroke markers are used in everyday clinical practice. That could be caused by obtained suboptimal sensitivity and specificity indicators and difficulties with translational studies organization and conducting. Relevance of stroke biomarkers as a way to control rehabilitation intensity also highlights the necessity to additional researches.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Инсульт ― одна из ведущих причин смерти и инвалидности в мире. Профилактика инсульта, ранняя диагностика и лечение, а также адекватная реабилитация являются ключевыми направлениями для снижения показателей смертности и инвалидизации.</p> <p>В современной клинической практике многие биохимические маркеры (биомаркеры), определяемые в крови, моче или цереброспинальной жидкости, активно используются для принятия терапевтических решений. Потенциальная польза биомаркеров инсульта при условии их совместного применения со стандартными методами исследования может быть в оптимизации дифференциальной диагностики типа инсульта, прогнозировании развития осложнений и персонификации реабилитационных мероприятий.</p> <p>К настоящему времени в литературе описано множество потенциальных биомаркеров инсульта и комбинированных панелей, в том числе применяемых для оценки реабилитационных нагрузок. Среди них превалируют пептидные молекулы, связанные с повреждением нейронов и их аксонов, нейроглии, эндотелия сосудов головного мозга. Меньшее внимание уделяется белкам крови, липидам и другим метаболитам. Появляется всё больше убедительных данных о циркулирующих нуклеиновых кислотах как маркерах наступления и прогрессирования инсульта.</p> <p>Несмотря на очевидную клиническую и экономическую перспективность биомаркеров инсульта, ни один из них до сих пор не применяется в рутинной клинической практике. Это может быть связано как с получаемыми субоптимальными показателями чувствительности и специфичности, так и сложностью организации и проведения трансляционных исследований. Актуальность биомаркеров инсульта в качестве методов контроля реабилитационных нагрузок также подчёркивает необходимость проведения дополнительных исследований.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>blood</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>кровь</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation. Agreement No. 22-25-20179.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда. Соглашение № 22-25-20179.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feigin VL, Brainin M, Norrving B, et al. 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