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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физическая и реабилитационная медицина, медицинская реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-6843</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1436</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19193</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36425/2658-6843-19193</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">INTERACTION OF THE SYMBIOTIC MICROBIOTA OF THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT WITH THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE HOST ORGANISM</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ СИМБИОТИЧЕСКОЙ МИКРОБИОТЫ желудочно-кишечного тракта с нервной системой организма-хозяина</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Oleskin</surname><given-names>A V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олескин</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>aoleskin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 2, NO2 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 1, №2 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Физическая и реабилитационная медицина, медицинская реабилитация</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Физическая и реабилитационная медицина, медицинская реабилитация</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-6843/article/view/19193">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-6843/article/view/19193</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Symbiotic microorganisms inhabit a wide variety of niches in the human organism. Of paramount importance is the microbiota of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract, especially of its distal part (the colon). Bidirectional signal exchange proceeds within the microbiota-host system, and diverse microbial metabolites modify the functions of the nervous system via metabolic, genetic, and neuroendocrine pathways. Increasing attention is currently given to the role of the GI microbiota in terms of the host's physical and mental health; therefore, it has been suggested to replace the widely used term gut-brain axis with the new term microbiota-gut-brain axis. The GI microbiota directly interacts with the enteric nervous system (ENS) that represents a partly autonomous subdivision of the nervous system. An important role is also played by the GI tract-innervating vagus nerve. In addition, the influence of the microbiota on the nervous system can be mediated by the immune system. The microbiota impact on the nervous system of the host results in significant alterations in the host's behavior, mood, and even taste. In the literature, there is evidence that neurological and psychological diseases are linked to microecological disorders (dysbioses) in the GI tract. In particular, dysbioses with manifest GI symptoms are often accompanied by serious brain problems.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Симбиотические микроорганизмы заселяют всевозможные ниши на поверхности и внутри организма животного или человека, причем особенно важную роль играет микробиота желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ), в первую очередь его «густонаселенной» микроорганизмами дистальной части (толстой кишки). Различные микробные метаболиты в рамках двунаправленного обмена сигналами в системе микробиота-хозяин способны модифицировать функции нервной системы через метаболические, эпигенетические и нейроэндокринные механизмы. С учетом все возрастающего понимания роли микробиоты ЖКТ для здоровья и психики индивида предложено расширить известный термин «ось кишечник-мозг» (gut-brain axis) до «ось микробиота-кишечник-мозг» (microbiota-gut-brain axis). Кишечная микробиота непосредственно взаимодействует с энтеральной нервной системой (ЭНС), которая обладает значительной автономией по отношению к остальным частям нервной системы; важную роль играет также иннервирующий ЖКТ блуждающий нерв. Наконец, эффекты микробиоты на нервную систему могут быть опосредованы ее воздействием на иммунную систему. Воздействие микробиоты на нервную систему приводит к существенным изменениям в поведении, настроении и даже вкусовых предпочтениях хозяина. В литературе представлены данные о взаимосвязи нервно-психических заболеваний и микроэкологических нарушений в ЖКТ. В частности, дисбиозы с выраженной желудочно-кишечной симтоматикой часто сопровождаются функциональными нарушениями головного мозга.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>symbiotic microbiota</kwd><kwd>gastro-intestinal (GI) tract</kwd><kwd>neuromediators</kwd><kwd>the microbiota-gut-brain axis</kwd><kwd>enteric nervous system</kwd><kwd>nervus vagus</kwd><kwd>immune system</kwd><kwd>dyscbiosis</kwd><kwd>neurological and psychological disorders</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>симбиотическая микробиота</kwd><kwd>желудочно-кишечный тракт (ЖКТ)</kwd><kwd>нейромедиаторы</kwd><kwd>ось микробиота-кишечник-мозг</kwd><kwd>энтеральная нервная система</kwd><kwd>блуждающий нерв</kwd><kwd>иммунная система</kwd><kwd>дисбиоз</kwd><kwd>нервно-психические заболевания</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Man W.H., de Steenhuijsen Piters W.A., Bogaert D.; The microbiota of the respiratory tract: gatekeeper to respiratory health; Nature Reviews Microbiology; 2017; 15: 259-270.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Liang S., Wu X., Jin F.; Gut-brain physiology: rethinking psychology from the microbiota-gut-brain axis; Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience; 2018; 12: 1-24.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Sharkey K.A., Savidge T.C.; Role of enteric neurotransmitters in host defense and protection of the gastrointestinal tract; Anatomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical; 2014; 182: 70-82.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Dinan T.G., Stilling R.M., Stanton C., Cryan J.F.; Collective unconscious: how gut microbes shape human behavior; Journal of Psychiatric Research; 2015; 63: 1-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Clarke G., Grenham S., Scully P., Fitzgerald P., Moloney R.D., Shanahan F., Dinan T.G., Cryan J.F.; The microbiota-gut-brain axis during early life regulates the hippocampal serotonin system in a sex-dependent manner; Molecular Psychiatry; 2013; 18: 888-673.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Олескин А.В., Шендеров Б.А.; Биополитический подход к реабилитологии: потенциальная роль микробной нейрохимии; Вестник восстановительной медицины; 2013; 1: 60-67.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Shenderov B.A. Probiotic (symbiotic) bacterial languages; Anaerobe; 2011; 17: 490-495.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Shenderov B.A.; The microbiota as an epigenetic control mechanism. 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