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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физическая и реабилитационная медицина, медицинская реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-6843</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1436</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19432</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36425/rehab19432</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>New methods and technologies, discussions</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Новые методы и технологии, дискуссии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prospects for microbiota-oriented therapy in neurorehabilitology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Перспективы микробиота-ориентированной терапии в нейрореабилитологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7222-4140</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Beloborodova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белобородова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of medical science</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник, зав. лабораторией метаболизма при критических состояниях НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В. А. Неговского</p></bio><email>nvbeloborodova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9316-8907</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernevskaya</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черневская</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории метаболизма при критических состояниях</p></bio><email>kate.chernevskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научно-клинический центр реаниматологии и реабилитологии» (ФНКЦ РР)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-03-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Физическая и реабилитационная медицина, медицинская реабилитация</issue-title><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-02-20"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Beloborodova N.V., Chernevskaya E.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Белобородова Н.В., Черневская Е.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Beloborodova N.V., Chernevskaya E.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белобородова Н.В., Черневская Е.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-6843/article/view/19432">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-6843/article/view/19432</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Intensive accumulation of data on the role of bacteria in complex regulatory mechanisms of the nervous system allows us to predict the transition to a new level in the treatment of brain dysfunctions. This problem-oriented article analyzes recent publications that reflect the relationship of changes in the profile of microbiota metabolites with the course and outcome of the disease in patients with central nervous system damage. Based on the results of biomarker monitoring in patients with prolonged neurorehabilitation in the Intensive care unit, the authors justify a metabolomic approach for correction in the microbiota–gut–brain system.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Интенсивное накопление данных о роли, которую играют бактерии в сложных регуляторных механизмах высшей нервной деятельности, дает основание прогнозировать переход на новый уровень в лечении повреждений головного мозга. В данной проблемно-ориентированной статье проведен анализ публикаций последних лет, где отражена связь изменений профиля метаболитов микробиоты с течением и исходом заболевания у пациентов с поражением центральной нервной системы. На основании результатов мониторинга биомаркеров у пациентов, нуждающихся в нейрореабилитации в условиях отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии, авторы обосновывают метаболомный подход для коррекции в системе микробиота–кишечник–мозг.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neurorehabilitation</kwd><kwd>gut microbiota</kwd><kwd>microbial metabolites</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>metabiotics</kwd><kwd>dysbiosis</kwd><kwd>16S rRNA sequencing</kwd><kwd>polymerase chain reaction (PCR)</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейрореабилитация</kwd><kwd>микробиота кишечника</kwd><kwd>микробные метаболиты</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>метабиотики</kwd><kwd>дисбиоз</kwd><kwd>секвенирование 16S рРНК</kwd><kwd>полимеразная цепная реакция</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was carried out as part of the theme of state assignment No. 0563-2019-0020 "Systemic organ protection in resuscitation based on targeted monitoring and regulation of imbalance by metabolism / microbiome."</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках темы государственного задания № 0563-2019-0020 «Системная органопротекция в реаниматологии на основе целенаправленного мониторинга и регуляции дисбаланса метаболом/микробиом».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Dovrolis N, Kolios G, Spyrou GM, Maroulakou I. 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