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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физическая и реабилитационная медицина, медицинская реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-6843</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1436</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">677338</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36425/rehab677338</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">QXFKLM</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЙ ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Virtual Reality in Medical Rehabilitation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Виртуальная реальность в медицинской реабилитации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5036-1259</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1537-9822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbak</surname><given-names>Sergey G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербак</surname><given-names>Сергей Григорьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>b40@zdrav.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1176-794X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7922-7302</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vologzhanin</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вологжанин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>volog@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1595-6668</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8114-3984</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarenko</surname><given-names>Stanislav V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаренко</surname><given-names>Станислав Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>st.makarenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5632-3963</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7234-7870</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golota</surname><given-names>Alexander S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голота</surname><given-names>Александр Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>golotaa@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6360-132X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2922-4404</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamilova</surname><given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камилова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Аскаровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>kamilovaspb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg City Hospital No. 40</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская больница № 40 Курортного административного района</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>134</fpage><lpage>153</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-19"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-26"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-6843/article/view/677338">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-6843/article/view/677338</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Patients with motor and/or cognitive disorders, a history of stroke or head/spinal cord injury, chronic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, or neurological complications of severe COVD-19 may not benefit from pharmacotherapy or traditional rehabilitation. Virtual reality is an innovative therapeutic approach that restores lost functions. This interactive technology uses computer modeling to create a virtual world. Virtual reality provides multisensory stimulation, activates restorative neural mechanisms, and produces an analgesic effect. In recent years, virtual reality has become more prevalent in neurology. It improves motor and cognitive outcomes in patients with various neurological and neuropsychological dysfunctions. These improvements are the result of neuroplasticity and neurogenesis in brain lesions. Virtual reality–based rehabilitation can be used alone or in combination with other treatment options. The most effective treatment combines exercise therapy, physical therapy, psychological counseling, standard cognitive training, and training with immersive virtual reality technology. This technology creates a sense of presence in a three-dimensional digital environment. With head-mounted displays and body monitoring sensors, users can interact naturally with virtual objects. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown that depending on the initial condition, most patients demonstrate improvement in voluntary range of motion, balance, cognitive function, mood, quality of life, anxiety, and pain. Therefore, virtual reality–based therapy is a promising rehabilitation option for patients with neurological symptoms. Virtual reality–based neurological rehabilitation allows for the personalized selection of exercise complexity and intensity, thereby increasing patient compliance through gamification. However, further research is needed to standardize virtual reality–based modalities, clarify inclusion and exclusion criteria for clinical trials, optimize protocols, and evaluate long-term effects.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Пациентам с двигательными и/или когнитивными расстройствами, перенёсшим инсульт, травму головного или спинного мозга, пациентам с хроническими болевыми синдромами, нейродегенеративными заболеваниями и неврологическими последствиями тяжёлой формы COVID-19 не всегда и недостаточно эффективно помогают фармакотерапия и традиционные методы реабилитации. Одним из инновационных терапевтических подходов для восстановления утраченных функций является вмешательство с использованием виртуальной реальности ― комбинированной интерактивной технологии, которая создаёт виртуальный мир посредством компьютерного моделирования, обеспечивает мультисенсорную стимуляцию у пациентов, активирует восстановительные нейронные механизмы и оказывает анальгезирующий эффект. Использование виртуальной реальности в неврологии возросло за последние годы, продемонстрировав её эффективность в улучшении как двигательных, так и когнитивных результатов лечения широкого спектра неврологических и нейропсихологических дисфункций за счёт нейропластичности и нейрогенеза в повреждённых областях мозга. Реабилитация на основе виртуальной реальности применяется либо отдельно, либо в сочетании с другими формами терапии. Наиболее эффективно комбинированное лечение, включающее в себя лечебную физкультуру, физиотерапию, психологическое консультирование, стандартную когнитивную тренировку и упражнения с применением иммерсивной виртуальной реальности, создающей ощущение присутствия в трёхмерной цифровой среде, которая позволяет пользователю погружаться в виртуальную среду и натуралистически взаимодействовать с виртуальными объектами с помощью головных дисплеев и датчиков мониторинга тела. Согласно результатам систематических обзоров и метаанализов, у многих или большинства пациентов в зависимости от исходного состояния наблюдается повышение объёма произвольных движений, улучшение равновесия, когнитивных функций, настроения и качества жизни, снижение тревожности и интенсивности боли. Таким образом, применение терапии на основе виртуальной реальности является перспективным подходом в реабилитации пациентов с неврологической симптоматикой. Неврологическая реабилитация на основе виртуальной реальности позволяет индивидуально определить сложность и интенсивность упражнений, повысив комплаентность пациентов за счёт геймификации (игрофикации). Тем не менее необходимы дальнейшие исследования для стандартизации тестируемых методов виртуальной реальности, уточнения критериев включения/невключения пациентов, участвующих в клинических исследованиях, а также для оптимизации протоколов и изучения долгосрочных эффектов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>virtual reality</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>neurological disorder</kwd><kwd>cognitive disorder</kwd><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>brain injury</kwd><kwd>spinal cord injury</kwd><kwd>chronic pain syndrome</kwd><kwd>motor functions</kwd><kwd>cognitive functions</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>виртуальная реальность</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>неврологическое расстройство</kwd><kwd>когнитивное расстройство</kwd><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>травма головного мозга</kwd><kwd>травма спинного мозга</kwd><kwd>хронический болевой синдром</kwd><kwd>двигательные функции</kwd><kwd>когнитивные функции</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Macchitella L, Spaccavento S, Arigliani M, et al. 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