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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физическая и реабилитационная медицина, медицинская реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-6843</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1436</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">705543</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36425/rehab705543</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DDQXVJ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY  ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of personalized neuromuscular electrical stimulation on spasticity, muscle strength and endurance in children with cerebral palsy (spastic diplegia) during sanatorium-resort rehabilitation: an open randomized controlled study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние персонифицированной нейромышечной электростимуляции на спастичность, мышечную силу и выносливость у детей с детским церебральным параличом (спастической диплегией) в условиях санаторно-курортного лечения: открытое рандомизированное контролируемое исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3786-3195</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4665-5213</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbinina</surname><given-names>Tatiana N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербинина</surname><given-names>Татьяна Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>tn9512@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1417-1164</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3429-9712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasenko</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власенко</surname><given-names>Сергей Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>vlasenko65@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Pediatric Balneology, Physiotherapy and Medical Rehabilitation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт детской курортологии, физиотерапии и медицинской реабилитации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-05-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>123</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-06"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-18"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-6843/article/view/705543">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-6843/article/view/705543</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Despite the widespread use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy, the effects of personalized selection of stimulation modes based on the predominant motor deficit remains insufficiently investigated. Studies comparing the effectiveness of different modes of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in the setting of sanatorium-based rehabilitation are lacking.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To evaluate the effects of different personalized modes of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on spasticity, muscle strength, and functional endurance in children with cerebral palsy (spastic diplegia) undergoing sanatorium-based rehabilitation.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> A prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 70 patients aged 8–16 years with cerebral palsy (spastic diplegia), corresponding to levels II–III according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System, who underwent sanatorium-based rehabilitation between 2024 and 2025. Participants were randomized into two groups: standard rehabilitation (control) and standard rehabilitation supplemented with personalized neuromuscular electrical stimulation. The intervention course lasted 21 days (5 sessions per week). The mode of neuromuscular electrical stimulation was selected individually according to the predominant clinical deficit. Outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention using the Modified Ashworth Scale, goniometry, manual muscle testing, the Timed Up and Go test, the physiological cost index, and the six-minute walk test.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Personalized neuromuscular electrical stimulation was associated with a reduction in spasticity; most pronounced in the antispastic mode of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). Between-group analysis demonstrated the superiority of the antispastic mode (ε²=0.38–0.66). An increase in passive ankle range of motion (increase of ≥5 degrees), corresponding to a clinically meaningful improvement, was observed. Improvements in muscle strength were primarily associated with strength-training mode. Functional mobility improved significantly in the antispastic and strength-training groups (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001; Cohen’s d=1.17–1.85), whereas no significant changes were observed in the endurance-training or control groups (<italic>p</italic>=0.104 and <italic>p</italic>=0.135, respectively). No adverse events were reported.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Personalized neuromuscular electrical stimulation enhances the effectiveness of sanatorium-based rehabilitation in children with spastic diplegia, providing clinically meaningful reductions in spasticity and improvements in functional outcomes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Несмотря на широкое применение нейромышечной электростимуляции в реабилитации детей с детским церебральным параличом, остаётся недостаточно изученным влияние персонифицированного подбора режимов стимуляции в зависимости от ведущего двигательного дефицита. Отсутствуют исследования, сопоставляющие эффективность различных режимов нейромышечной электростимуляции в условиях санаторно-курортного лечения.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> ― оценить влияние различных режимов персонифицированной нейромышечной электростимуляции на спастичность, мышечную силу и функциональную выносливость у детей с детским церебральным параличом (спастическая диплегия) при проведении санаторно-курортного лечения.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Проведено открытое рандомизированное контролируемое исследование среди 70 пациентов в возрасте от 8 до 16 лет с диагнозом детского церебрального паралича (спастическая диплегия), соответствующих II–III уровню по международной функциональной классификации GMFCS, проходивших санаторно-курортное лечение в период с 2024 по 2025 год. Участники были рандомизированы в группу стандартной реабилитации (контроль) и группу стандартной программы с добавлением персонифицированной нейромышечной электростимуляции. Курс составлял 21 день (5 процедур в неделю). Выбор режима нейромышечной электростимуляции осуществлялся индивидуально в зависимости от ведущего клинического дефицита. Оценка проводилась до и после вмешательства с использованием модифицированной шкалы Эшворта, клинической оценки мышечной силы, гониометрии, теста «Встань и иди», индекса физиологических затрат, теста 6-минутного ходьбы.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Применение персонифицированной нейромышечной электростимуляции сопровождалось снижением спастичности, наиболее выраженным при антиспастическом режиме (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001). Межгрупповой анализ выявил преимущество антиспастического режима (ε²=0,38–0,66). Отмечено увеличение пассивного объёма движений в голеностопном суставе (Δ ≥5), что соответствует клинически значимому улучшению. Улучшение мышечной силы наблюдалось преимущественно при силовом режиме. Функциональная мобильность достоверно улучшилась в группах антиспастического и силового режима (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001; d=1,17–1,85), тогда как в группе тренировки выносливости и контрольной группе значимых изменений по данным параметрам не выявлено (<italic>p</italic>=0,104 и <italic>p</italic>=0,135). Нежелательные явления не зарегистрированы.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Персонифицированная нейромышечная электростимуляция повышает эффективность санаторно-курортного лечения детей со спастической диплегией, обеспечивая клинически значимое снижение спастичности и улучшение функционального состояния.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cerebral palsy</kwd><kwd>diplegia spastic</kwd><kwd>electric stimulation therapy</kwd><kwd>muscle spasticity</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>детский церебральный паралич</kwd><kwd>спастическая диплегия</kwd><kwd>электростимуляция</kwd><kwd>мышечная спастичность</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>McIntyre S, Goldsmith S, Webb A, et al. Global prevalence of cerebral palsy: a systematic analysis. 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