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The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its worldwide spread has become a challenge for healthcare professionals related to rapid diagnosis of infection caused by the new coronaviruses, provision of specialized medical care, rehabilitation and secondary prevention. Currently, there is limited information on primary, secondary prevention and medical rehabilitation of this disease. The most common clinical manifestation of the new variant of coronavirus infection is bilateral pneumonia, with 3–4% of patients developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Given the unusual pandemic situation and the peculiar COVID-19 pathogenesis, the stereotyped application of generally accepted methods may be unsafe or ineffective. The Union of Rehabilitologists of Russia has prepared Temporary guidelines that are based on the advice on medical rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19 at various stages of special medical care published by WHO specialists, analysis of reports from clinics currently involved in rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients, as well as on the results of clinical studies conducted earlier on the rehabilitation of patients with Post-intensive care syndrome and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of non-coronavirus etiology, regulatory documents of the Russian Ministry of Health and Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer rights protection and human well-being. A syndrome-based approach to the use of means and methods of physical and rehabilitation medicine is also considered. The guidelines are intended for heads of medical organizations and their structural divisions, general practitioners, physicians, infectious disease doctors, pediatricians, emergency physicians of intensive care units in infectious hospitals, physiotherapy and sports medicine doctors, physiotherapists, medical psychologists, physical therapy instructors, nurses and other specialists of multidisciplinary rehabilitation teams working in the field of medical care for patients with COVID-19 at various stages.