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Functional electrical stimulation involves the use of electrical impulses to stimulate muscles during motor activity, particularly in patients with an acute cerebrovascular accident and are undergoing rehabilitation to regain their ability to walk.

This study aimed to examine the existing literature on the use of functional electrical stimulation, focusing on the application methods and stimulation parameters.

The authors analyzed the studies and determined scientifically validated parameters for stimulation and methods of applying functional electrical stimulation. This article provides a summary of key parameters such as frequency, waveform, amplitude, and duration of the electrical pulse and information on the placement of electrodes and synchronization of the pulses with movement, specifically with the gait cycle. Additionally, it covers aspects such as the timing of procedures and frequency and duration of treatment. The currently known aspects, advantages, and limitations of the method are discussed. Notably, several key parameters used in functional electrical stimulation have not been scientifically justified. The criteria for conducting functional electrical stimulation procedures and courses are unclear, and contraindications are reduced as the method evolves. Systems used for implementing functional electrical stimulation vary significantly in their capabilities for setting up work and synchronization with movement.

Considering the importance of rapidly restoring motor functions and the positive impact of functional electrical stimulation on physical and psychological health of neurological patients, further investigation is required to determine optimal parameters for functional electrical stimulation and its application methodology.