Vol 7, No 2 (2024)

The article identifies modern problems of higher education. Based on a retrospective analysis of Russia's educational policy in higher education, contradictions between Western theoretical concepts introduced into the educational activities of universities and national interests in the training of highly qualified specialists for the needs of the country have been revealed. There is the need to revise many provisions of the educational policy in the Russian Federation in the interests of the stable development of Russian society, as well as the organization of constant monitoring of activities to improve curricula in state higher educational institutions in order to bring the process of training specialists to a level that meets the modern demands of the national economy. The results of the study are addressed to the expert community in the implementation of the country's educational policy in higher education. The results may also be of practical interest to the management and methodological services of domestic universities. Acknowledgments. The study was carried out in accordance with the Research Plan of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The article examines the application of theoretical approaches of cognitive economics in institutional transformations of socio-economic security. The following features of behavioral economics are considered: social, cognitive and emotional factors, processes of individual and collective choice, which explain the nature and development of organizations and institutions in conditions of structural uncertainty, scarcity, and incentives. The author analyzes the scientific works of Russian and foreign researchers, which reveal the content of cognitive economics. It is shown that cognitive economics is closely related to many other disciplines, such as cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, and management science. This new approach contributes to a wide range of economic fields, such as consumption theory, innovation economics, and evolutionary economics. The results of the study may be in demand by legislative and executive authorities in ensuring socio-economic security in the context of pricing policy. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared in accordance with the topic of the state assignment "Changing the institutional foundations of the economic security of the Russian Federation in new conditions".

Construction is one of the most risky branches of the modern economy due to the large number of participants in the reproduction process. It is necessary to understand that the source of risk can be not only a third-party organization hired to perform a certain amount of work but also the beneficiaries of the business and the top management of organizations. At the same time, construction is one of the most socially oriented branches of the economy, since a large percentage of the population is involved in the reproduction process, and citizens are also the final consumers. The article considers and analyzes the factors and specific examples of how the actions of participants in the construction process can affect the socio-economic aspects of economic security of both construction organizations and end users.

The environmental component is an integral part of the overall system of economic security of the company, which consists in optimizing the costs of environmental protection measure. It allows not to violate established environmental norms and achieve the maximum possible profit. Ensuring environmental safety is extremely important for oil and gas companies due to the significant impact of their activities on the environment. In order to ensure the environmental safety of a company, an assessment of its level is of extreme importance. The article presents material on a comprehensive assessment of the environmental safety of the three largest oil and gas producing companies of the Russian Federation: PJSC “Gazprom”, PJSC “NK “Rosneft”, and PJSC “NK “Lukoil”. On the basis of a comparative analysis, conclusions about environmental safety of these companies and the assessment of their environmental management system are formulated.

The analysis of the global law enforcement activities of the antimonopoly authorities aimed at the suppression of cartels was carried out; the increase in the number of cartel cases initiated on the basis of tenders for public needs was revealed; and the industries affected by the activities of cartels, including agriculture, were identified. The reasons for the growth of cartels were identified. They are as follows: the possibility of obtaining significant rewards from collusion and the lack of incentives for non-participation in cartels. Special attention is paid to new global initiatives to curb cartels, including the adoption of new generation digital strategies, the use of machine learning in cartel investigations, and the introduction of guidelines on sustainable development agreements in industries. Trends in the international practice of cartel enforcement are outlined. They include market monitoring, behavioral analysis, the establishment of indirect links between bidders, and the increasing use of a penalty mitigation program for cartel activity.

The article poses and solves the problem of a multi-projection comparative analysis of the economic security of the regions of the Volga Federal District based on Rosstat official statistics for 2019-2021. The projections of the economy and innovation are considered. The first projection includes the following indicators: average per capita cash income of the population, the level of depreciation of fixed assets, and the share of unprofitable organizations. The second projection includes: unit costs of innovative activities of organizations; the share of organizations carrying out technological innovations; specific volume of innovative goods, works and services. Multi-projection selection includes an initial multi-criteria analysis of alternatives in projections according to the Pareto principle and subsequent synthesis of a general solution in the form of an appropriate cluster. Based on the results of the empirical study, a significant differentiation between the 14 subjects of the district during the period under consideration was established. The number of clusters varies from seven to eight, and their capacity varies from one to five regions. The Republic of Tatarstan has a stable leadership; the most tense situation is in the Republic of Mari El and the Saratov region.

The article examines the forms and methods of integral war used by the United States and the countries of the collective West against the Russian Federation, opposing the solution of world problems within the framework of the created unipolar world. The purpose, forms and methods of integral war against Russia and its supporters are considered. The prognosis of the development of the world situation in case of implementation of certain mechanisms of integral war is made. The measures to be taken by the government of the country in order to minimize both external and internal influences in order to preserve the state are identified.