<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Doklady Biological Sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Doklady Biological Sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Доклады Российской академии наук. Науки о жизни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2686-7389</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5057</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">683997</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2686738925020023</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ontogeny of the epileptic system in rats of the Krushinsky– Molodkina line with genetically determined audiogenic epilepsy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онтогенез эпилептической системы у крыс линии Крушинского– Молодкиной с генетически детерминированной аудиогенной эпилепсией</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinova</surname><given-names>S. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>litvinova_sa@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovleva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>litvinova_sa@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronina</surname><given-names>T. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>litvinova_sa@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gladysheva</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гладышева</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>litvinova_sa@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Radontseva</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радонцева</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>litvinova_sa@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Surina</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сурина</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Биологический факультет</p></bio><email>litvinova_sa@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poletaeva</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полетаева</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Биологический факультет</p></bio><email>litvinova_sa@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotova</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотова</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Биологический факультет</p></bio><email>litvinova_sa@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Durnev</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дурнев</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН</p></bio><email>litvinova_sa@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ “ФИЦ оригинальных и перспективных биомедицинских и фармацевтических технологий”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosova</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>521</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>180</fpage><lpage>186</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-11"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-11"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2686-7389/article/view/683997">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2686-7389/article/view/683997</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The development of convulsive proneness of audiogenic epilepsy (AE) and phenotype manifestations of epileptic activity in rats of the Krushinsky – Molodkina (KM) strain, proceeds in parallel with the appearance of seizure EEG patterns followed in this investigation from the age of 2 months age up to 7 months (both in КМ rats). The latencies of the seizure onset reduced with age while the intensity of convulsive seizures increased. In background EEG (no exposure to sound) of KM rats two types of epileptiform discharges (ED) were identified. The first type had the form of high-amplitude generalized “packs” of waves, with animal shuddering. The second type of ED had the form of a generalized non-seizure absence-like “spike-wave” discharges with animal freezing. The duration of single absence-like discharges increased with age. The parallel age-related changes were found between the increase in severity of AE seizure and the increase of generalized absence-like discharges numbers in the forebrain EEG of KM rats, which evidence the development of epileptic system in this strain.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>На крысах линии Крушинского – Молодкиной (КМ) продемонстрировано, что развитие предрасположенности к судорогам аудиогенной эпилепсии (АЭ) и фенотипических проявлений АЭ протекает у крыс КМ параллельно с проявлением эпилептических ЭЭГ паттернов с 2 мес. до 7 мес. возраста. Латентные периоды начала судорог с возрастом укорачиваются, а интенсивность судорог увеличивается. В фоновой ЭЭГ крыс КМ (без действия звука) выявлены два типа эпилептиформных разрядов. Первый тип – это высокоамплитудные генерализованные “пачки” волн, при которых животное вздрагивает. Второй тип имеет форму генерализованных разрядов по типу “пик-волна”, сходных с таковыми при бессудорожных “абсансах” с замиранием животного. Общая и средняя длительность абсанс-подобных разрядов с возрастом увеличивается. Нарастание тяжести судорог припадка АЭ и нарастание числа генерализованных абсанс-подобных разрядов с возрастом в ЭЭГ переднего мозга крыс КМ свидетельствует о развитии эпилептической системы у крыс этой линии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Krushinsky – Molodkina rat strain</kwd><kwd>audiogenic epilepsy</kwd><kwd>EEG epileptiform discharge</kwd><kwd>spike-wave</kwd><kwd>seizures</kwd><kwd>epileptic system</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>линия крыс Крушинского – Молодкиной</kwd><kwd>аудиогенная эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>эпилептиформные ЭЭГ разряды</kwd><kwd>пик-волна</kwd><kwd>судороги</kwd><kwd>эпилептическая система</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>121032500080-8</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Hildebrand M.S, Dahl H.H, Damiano J.A., et al. Recent advances in the molecular genetics of epilepsy. // Journal of medical genetics. 2013. V. 50(5). P. 271–279.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Garbuz D.G., Davletshin A.A., Litvinova S.A., et al. Rodent Models of Audiogenic Epilepsy: Genetic Aspects, Advantages, Current Problems and Perspectives. // Biomedicines. 2022. 10(11). P. 2934.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Семиохина А.Ф., Федотова И.Б., Полетаева И.И. Крысы линии Крушинского-Молодкиной: исследования аудиогенной эпилепсии, сосудистой патологии и поведения // Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова. 2006. Т. 56 (3). С. 298–316.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Paxinos G., Watson C. The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates. San Diego, Academic Press. 1997. P. 286.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Islam M.R, Abdullah J.M. Age-dependent Electroencephalographic Differences in the Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) Model of Absence Epilepsy. // Malays J Med Sci. 2014. V. 21. P. 34–40.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Sitnikova E., van Luijtelaar G. Electroencephalographic precursors of spike-wave discharges in a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy: Power spectrum and coherence EEG analyses. // Epilepsy Research. 2009. V. 84. P. 159–171.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>van Luijtelaar E.L., Coenen A.M. Two types of electrocortical paroxysms in an inbred strain of rats. // Neurosci. 1986. V. 70. P. 393–397.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Serikawa T., Mashimo T., Kuramoro T., et al. Advances on genetic rat models of epilepsy. // Exp Anim. 2015. V. 64(1). P. 1–7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Chuvakova L.N., Funikov S.Y., Rezvykh A.P., et al. Transcriptome of the Krushinsky-Molodkina Audiogenic Rat Strain and Identification of Possible Audiogenic Epilepsy-Associated Genes. // Front. Mol. Neurosci. 2021. V.14. P. 1–16.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Powell K.L., Cain S.M., Ng C., et al. A Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel point mutation has splice-variant-specific effects on function and segregates with seizure expression in a polygenic rat model of absence epilepsy. // J Neurosci. 2009. V. 29(2). P. 371–80.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Crunelli V., David F., Morais T.P. et al. HCN channels and absence seizures. // Neurobiology of Disease. 2023. V. 181.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Nava C., Dalle C., Rastetter A. et al. De novo mutations in HCN1 cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. // Nat. Genet. 2014. V. 46. P. 640–645.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Gauguier D., Luijtelaar G.V., Bihoreau M.T. et al. Chromosomal Mapping of Genetic Loci Controlling Absence Epilepsy Phenotypes in the WAG // Rij Rat. Epilepsia. 2004. V. 45. P. 908–915.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Kanyshkova T.P., Meuth P., Bista Z., et al. Differential regulation of HCN channel isoform expression in thalamic neurons of epileptic and non-epileptic rat strains. // Neurobiol. Dis. 2012. V. 45. P. 450–461.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Cain S.M., Tyson J.R., Jones K.L., et al. Thalamocortical neurons display suppressed burst-firing due to an enhanced Ih current in a genetic model of absence epilepsy. // Pflugers Arch. 2015. V. 467. P. 1367–1382.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Zhao K., Li Y., Lai H. et al. Alterations in HCN1 expression and distribution during epileptogenesis in rats. // Epilepsy Research. 2024. V. 202. 107355.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Damasceno S., Gómez-Nieto R., Garcia-Cairasco N., et al. Top common differentially expressed genes in the epileptogenic nucleus of two strains of rodents susceptible to Audiogenic Seizures: WAR and GASH. // Sal. Front. Neurol. 2020V11. P. 33. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00033.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Díaz-Casado E., Gómez-Nieto R., de Pereda J.M., et al. Analysis of gene variants in the GASH. // Sal model of epilepsy.2020. PLoS One 15:e0229953.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
