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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Doklady Biological Sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Doklady Biological Sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Доклады Российской академии наук. Науки о жизни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2686-7389</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5057</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">684003</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2686738925020031</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative study of the landlocked seals genetic diversity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительная оценка особенностей генетического разнообразия тюленей замкнутых водоемов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Meschersky</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мещерский</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeymeshcherskiy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Meschersky</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мещерский</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeymeshcherskiy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovyeva</surname><given-names>M. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьёва</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeymeshcherskiy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryukova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крюкова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeymeshcherskiy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Magomedov</surname><given-names>M.-R. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магомедов</surname><given-names>М.-Р. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Сorresponding Member of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><email>sergeymeshcherskiy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimov</surname><given-names>F. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климов</surname><given-names>Ф. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><email>sergeymeshcherskiy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozhnov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рожнов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Аcademician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН</p></bio><email>rozhnov-v-2015@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Precaspian Institute of Biological Resources, Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Science</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Прикаспийский институт биологических ресурсов Дагестанского ФИЦ Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">“Kazakhstan Agency of Applied Ecology” LLP</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казахстанское агентство прикладной экологии (ТОО “КАПЭ”)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>521</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>187</fpage><lpage>192</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-11"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-11"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2686-7389/article/view/684003">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2686-7389/article/view/684003</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>For the first time, genetic diversity of neutral markers (15 microsatellite loci) was assessed for two species of the landlocked seals: Baikal seal (<italic>Pusa sibirica</italic>) and Caspian seal (<italic>P. caspica</italic>) in comparison with the oceanic species of the genus – ringed seal (<italic>P. hispida</italic>). The study found that both landlocked seals exhibit a reduced level of genetic diversity, with the Baikal seal having the lowest level. Both the Baikal seal and Caspian seal show a high probability of historical bottleneck effect, while the studied population of ringed seals showed no signs of a sharp decline in the past. Analysis of the data using the VarEff package suggests a different time to the most recent common ancestor for each of the three studied populations; for the Baikal seal this time is significantly shorter than for the Caspian seal.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Впервые проведена сравнительная оценка генетического разнообразия по нейтральным маркерам (15 микросателлитных локусов ядерной ДНК) двух видов тюленей замкнутых водоемов: байкальской (<italic>Pusa sibirica</italic>) и каспийской (<italic>P. caspica</italic>) нерп в сравнении с океаническим видом рода – кольчатой нерпой (<italic>P. hispida</italic>). Показано, что оба вида, населяющие замкнутые водоемы, характеризуются сниженным уровнем генетического разнообразия, наименьшим у байкальской нерпы. Как для байкальской, так и для каспийской нерпы показана высокая вероятность прохождения через бутылочное горлышко, в то время как для исследованной популяции кольчатой нерпы признаков резкого снижения численности в прошлом выявлено не было. Анализ полученных данных в пакете VarEff позволяет предположить разное время существования последнего общего предка для каждой из трех исследованных популяций; для байкальской нерпы это время оказывается существенно меньшим, чем для каспийской.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Baikal seal</kwd><kwd>Caspian seal</kwd><kwd>ringed seal</kwd><kwd>Pusa sibirica</kwd><kwd>Pusa caspica</kwd><kwd>Pusa hispida</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>microsatellite loci</kwd><kwd>historical bottleneck</kwd><kwd>VarEff</kwd><kwd>TMRCA</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>байкальская нерпа</kwd><kwd>каспийская нерпа</kwd><kwd>кольчатая нерпа</kwd><kwd>Pusa sibirica</kwd><kwd>Pusa caspica</kwd><kwd>Pusa hispida</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>микросателлитные локусы</kwd><kwd>бутылочное горлышко</kwd><kwd>VarEff</kwd><kwd>TMRCA</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">NCOC N.V.</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">NCOC N.V.</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ТОО “Казахстанское Агентство Прикладной Экологии” (ТОО “КАПЭ”)</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">TOO “Kazakhstan Agency of Applied Ecology” (TOO “KAPE”)</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Фонд “Озеро Байкал”</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Lake Baikal Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Пастухов В.Д. 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