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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Doklady Biological Sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Doklady Biological Sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Доклады Российской академии наук. Науки о жизни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2686-7389</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5057</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">684077</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2686738925020202</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Types of pesticides interaction in mixtures: results of inhibitory analysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Классификация типов взаимодействия пестицидов в смесях: результаты ингибиторного анализа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Esimbekova</surname><given-names>Е. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Есимбекова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>esimbekova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Satir</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сатир</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>esimbekova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kratasyuk</surname><given-names>V. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кратасюк</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>esimbekova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Siberian Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сибирский федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биофизики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>521</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>293</fpage><lpage>298</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-12"><day>12</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-12"><day>12</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2686-7389/article/view/684077">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2686-7389/article/view/684077</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Enzymatic inhibitory assay based on the coupled enzyme system NAD(P)·H:FMN oxidoreductase and luciferase (Red + Luc), originally developed for environmental monitoring of soils, water and air, is proposed as a method for evaluating changes in the properties of active ingredients of pesticide preparations depending on the additional components (formulants), as well as when pesticides are combined in mixtures. Using the commercial pesticide preparations containing glyphosate it was shown that the degree of inhibition of the coupled enzyme system Red + Luc is depended on the formulants rather than the active ingredient in their composition. Moreover, the combined inhibitory effect of the pesticides in a mixture was not additive. According to the results of the inhibitory assay, the type of interaction of pesticide preparations in mixtures depends on both the formulants used and the ratio of pesticides in the mixture.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Ферментативный ингибиторный метод на основе биферментной системы НАД(Р)·Н:ФМН-оксидоредуктаза и люцифераза (Red + Luc), изначально разработанный для экологического мониторинга почв, воды и воздуха, предлагается как метод оценки изменений характеристик активных ингредиентов пестицидных препаратов в зависимости от используемых добавочных компонентов (формулянтов), а также при совместном применении пестицидов в баковых смесях. На примере коммерческих препаратов пестицидов, содержащих глифосат, показано, что степень ингибирования биферментной системы Red + Luc определяется не столько активным ингредиентом, сколько формулянтами в их составе. Более того, комбинированный ингибирующий эффект, оказываемый на биферментную систему Red + Luc смесью пестицидов, не является аддитивным. Согласно результатам ингибиторного анализа, тип взаимодействия пестицидных препаратов в смесях зависит как от используемых формулянтов, так и соотношения пестицидов в смеси.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pesticides</kwd><kwd>glyphosate</kwd><kwd>formulants</kwd><kwd>inhibitory analysis</kwd><kwd>luciferase</kwd><kwd>NAD(P)H:FMN oxidoreductase</kwd><kwd>bioluminescent analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пестициды</kwd><kwd>глифосат</kwd><kwd>формулянты</kwd><kwd>ингибиторный анализ</kwd><kwd>люцифераза</kwd><kwd>НАД(Р)H:ФМН-оксидоредуктаза</kwd><kwd>биолюминесцентный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group><fn xml:lang="en"><p>Presented by Academician of the RAS A.G. Degemedzhi</p></fn><fn xml:lang="ru"><p>Представлено академиком РАН А.Г. Дегерменджи</p></fn></fn-group></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kalyabina V.P., Esimbekova E.N., Kopylova K.V., et al. Pesticides: formulants, distribution pathways and effects on human health – a review // Toxicology Reports. 2021. Vol. 8. P. 1179–1192.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Huang P., Liu S.-S., Wang Z.-J., et al. Study on the characterization of pesticide modes of action similarity and the multi-endpoint combined toxicity of pesticide mixtures to Caenorhabditis elegans // Science of The Total Environment. 2023. Vol. 893. Article number 164918.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Sol Dourdin T., Rivière G., Cormier A., et al. 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