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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврологический журнал имени Л.О. Бадаляна</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2686-8997</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">34199</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The effectiveness of combined use of botulinum toxin therapy and functional electrical stimulation in ambulatory patients with spastic forms of cerebral palsy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эффективность сочетанного применения ботулинотерапии и функциональной электрической стимуляции у амбулаторных пациентов со спастическими формами детского церебрального паралича</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-9100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurenkov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куренков</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор мед. наук, врач-невролог</p></bio><email>alkurenkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7893-1863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fisenko</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фисенко</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSc., Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор мед. наук, проф., заслуженный врач России</p></bio><email>alkurenkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9562-3774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzenkova</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузенкова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSc., Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор мед. наук, проф.</p></bio><email>alkurenkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8750-9285</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernikov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черников</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>pediatrician</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-педиатр</p></bio><email>alkurenkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvak</surname><given-names>F. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвак</surname><given-names>Ф. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>alkurenkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1721-5609</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashrafova</surname><given-names>U. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ашрафова</surname><given-names>У. Ш.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alkurenkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9816-6919</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuprianova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куприянова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alkurenkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8506-2064</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bursagova</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурсагова</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>alkurenkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children's Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University),</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клинический институт детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">LLC «ITC Integral»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «ИТЦ Интеграл»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-08-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>90</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-05-27"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-05-27"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Kurenkov A.L., Fisenko D.A., Kuzenkova L.M., Chernikov V.V., Litvak F.G., Ashrafova U.S., Kuprianova O.S., Bursagova B.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Куренков А.Л., Фисенко Д.А., Кузенкова Л.М., Черников В.В., Литвак Ф.Г., Ашрафова У.Ш., Куприянова О.С., Бурсагова Б.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurenkov A.L., Fisenko D.A., Kuzenkova L.M., Chernikov V.V., Litvak F.G., Ashrafova U.S., Kuprianova O.S., Bursagova B.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куренков А.Л., Фисенко Д.А., Кузенкова Л.М., Черников В.В., Литвак Ф.Г., Ашрафова У.Ш., Куприянова О.С., Бурсагова Б.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2021-08-14"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2686-8997/article/view/34199">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2686-8997/article/view/34199</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Cerebral palsy (CP) is a severe neurological disease, the clinical picture of which is dominated by motor disorders. In spastic forms of CP, in addition to increasing muscle tone and spasticity, a significant number of muscles are functionally weakened with signs of paresis. To correct these disorders, close attention has recently been paid to two therapeutic approaches — botulinum therapy and functional electrical stimulation (FES).</p> <p><bold>The</bold> <bold>purpose</bold> of our investigation was to study the efficiency of combined use of botulinum therapy and FES in children with CP levels I-III according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS).</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> The study included 40 CP patients. 20 children (10 with spastic diplegia and 10 with hemiplegic form) treated with Abobotulinumtoxin A and FES formed the main group. The control group included 20 children (11 with spastic diplegia and 9 with hemiplegic form) who received botulinum therapy without subsequent FES.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>When evaluated 2 weeks later (after the end of the course of treatment) an increased muscle tone and spasticity of the gastrocnemius muscles significantly decreased in both the main and control groups. Following the complex treatment of Abobotulinum toxin A in combination with FES the range of motion in the ankle joint in the main group was significantly greater than in the control group. These differences in the increase in the range of motion were observed both during passive dorsiflexion of the foot (<italic>p</italic>=0.044) and when patients performed maximum voluntary muscle contraction (<italic>p</italic>=0.036).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> In the main group of patients, the combined use of botulinum therapy and FES proved to be highly effective in correcting spasticity and increasing the range of motion in the ankle joint. The course of FES performed in patients of the main group has an additional therapeutic effect, which in complex treatment gives a significantly greater positive result.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Детский церебральный паралич (ДЦП) — тяжелое неврологическое заболевание, в клинической картине которого доминируют двигательные нарушения. При спастических формах ДЦП, помимо повышения мышечного тонуса и спастичности, значительное число мышц функционально ослаблены, с признаками пареза. С целью коррекции этих нарушений в последнее время пристальное внимание уделяется двум лечебным подходам — ботулинотерапии (БТ) и функциональной электростимуляции (ФЭС).</p> <p><bold>Целью</bold> исследования явилось изучение эффективности сочетанного применения БТ и ФЭС у детей с ДЦП I–III уровней по системе классификации больших моторных функций (GMFCS).</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование включены 40 пациентов с ДЦП. Основную группу составили 20 детей (10 — со спастической диплегией и 10 — с гемипаретической формой), получавшие лечение с применением Абоботулинумтоксин А и ФЭС. В контрольную группу вошли 20 детей (11 — со спастической диплегией и 9 — с гемипаретической формой), которым проводилась БТ без ФЭС.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Повышенный мышечный тонус и спастичность икроножных мышц при оценке через 2 нед (после окончания курса лечения) достоверно снижались как в основной, так и в контрольной группе. Объем движений в голеностопном суставе (ГСС) в основной группе после БТ и ФЭС был достоверно больше, чем у пациентов контрольной группы. Эти различия в увеличении объема движений наблюдались как при проведении пассивного тыльного сгибания стопы (<italic>р</italic> = 0,044), так и при выполнении пациентами максимального произвольного мышечного сокращения (<italic>р</italic> = 0,036).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> У пациентов основной группы сочетанное применение БТ и ФЭС оказалось высокоэффективным в коррекции спастичности и увеличении объема движений в ГСС. Курс ФЭС, проведенный у пациентов основной группы, оказывает дополнительное терапевтическое действие, что в комплексном лечении дает достоверно бόльший положительный эффект.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cerebral palsy</kwd><kwd>botulinum toxin type A</kwd><kwd>Abobotulinum toxin A</kwd><kwd>functional electrical stimulation</kwd><kwd>modified Ashworth scale</kwd><kwd>modified Тardieu scale</kwd><kwd>goniometry</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>детский церебральный паралич</kwd><kwd>ботулинотерапия</kwd><kwd>ботулинический токсин типа А</kwd><kwd>Абоботулинумтоксина А</kwd><kwd>функциональная электрическая стимуляция</kwd><kwd>модифицированная шкала Эшворта</kwd><kwd>модифицированная шкала Тардье</kwd><kwd>гониометрия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Graham H.K., Rosenbaum P., Paneth N., Dan B., Lin J.P., Damiano D.L., et al. Cerebral palsy. Nat. Rev. Dis. 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