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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврологический журнал имени Л.О. Бадаляна</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2686-8997</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">44846</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2686-8997-2020-1-3-139-158</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Huntington’s disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Болезнь Гентингтона</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-7045</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyushnikov</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клюшников</surname><given-names>Сергей Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Ph.D., leading researcher of the 5th department of neurology of the Research Center of Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник 5-го неврологического отделения ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</p></bio><email>sergeklyush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-09-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>139</fpage><lpage>158</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-09-23"><day>23</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-09-23"><day>23</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Klyushnikov S.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Клюшников С.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klyushnikov S.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клюшников С.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2021-09-23"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2686-8997/article/view/44846">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2686-8997/article/view/44846</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Huntington’s disease is one of the most common hereditary neurodegenerative diseases, which remains practically incurable, inevitably leading to the disability of patients and premature death. A fairly wide prevalence in the world, the special severity of the course, the almost complete penetrance of the mutant gene, the peculiarity of clinical and genetic correlations in Huntington’s disease have attracted researchers specializing in neuroscience for many years. The study of the molecular neurobiology of Huntington’s disease over the past decades has largely contributed to significant progress in molecular biology, genetics, and many other biomedical disciplines. At the same time, Huntington’s disease has become a “model” disease in resolving issues of genetic counseling and prognostic testing in modern medical genetics. The review provides brief facts on the history of the study of the disease, including mapping and identification of the mutant gene. The issues of etiology and pathogenesis, molecular genetics of the disease, epidemiology, diagnostics, and differential diagnostics are discussed in detail. The spectrum of clinical manifestations of Huntington’s disease, its various forms, and course features are presented. From a modern perspective, the problem of developing valid biomarkers of both the manifest and the asymptomatic stages of the disease, as well as the course of the pathological process, are highlighted. The main issues of primary and secondary prevention of Huntington’s disease, bioethical principles of conducting genetic counseling for families burdened by this disease are outlined. The approaches to the symptomatic treatment of Huntington’s disease are described, a review of the main promising experimental therapeutic methods that can potentially slow down or stop the progression of the disease, as well as prevent its manifestation in asymptomatic carriers of the mutant gene, are presented. An important contribution of patient organizations to addressing issues affecting the interests of burdened families, scientific and clinical research on the disease was noted. Literature was searched and analyzed using the databases of Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed (MedLine), eLibrary.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Болезнь Гентингтона (БГ) является одним из наиболее частых наследственных нейродегенеративных заболеваний. БГ практически инкурабельна, неизбежно приводит к инвалидизации пациентов и преждевременной смерти. Достаточно широкая распространенность в мире, особая тяжесть течения, практически полная пенетрантность мутантного гена, своеобразие клинико-генетических корреляций при БГ многие годы привлекают исследователей, специализирующихся в области нейронаук. Изучение молекулярной нейробиологии БГ в течение последних десятилетий во многом способствовало существенному прогрессу в молекулярной биологии, генетике и ряде других медико-биологических дисциплин. В то же время БГ стала «модельным» заболеванием при решении вопросов медико-генетического консультирования и прогностического тестирования в современной медицинской генетике. В обзоре приведены краткие факты по истории изучения БГ, включая картирование и идентификацию мутантного гена. Поиск литературы проводился по базам данных Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed (MedLine), eLibrary. Подробно освещены вопросы этиологии и патогенеза, молекулярной генетики заболевания, эпидемиологии, диагностики и дифференциальной диагностики БГ. Представлены спектр клинических проявлений БГ, ее различные формы, особенности течения. Освещена проблема разработки валидных биомаркеров как манифестной, так и пресимптомной стадий заболевания, а также течения патологического процесса. Кратко изложены основные вопросы первичной и вторичной профилактики БГ, биоэтические принципы проведения медико-генетического консультирования семей, отягощенных данным заболеванием. Изложены подходы к симптоматическому лечению БГ, приведен обзор основных перспективных экспериментальных терапевтических методов, потенциально способных замедлить либо остановить прогрессирование заболевания, а также предупредить его манифестацию у асимптомных носителей мутантного гена. Отмечен важный вклад пациентских организаций в решение вопросов, затрагивающих интересы отягощенных семей, проведение научных и клинических исследований по проблеме БГ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Huntington’s disease</kwd><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd><kwd>mutation</kwd><kwd>trinucleotide CAG-repeats</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>chorea</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>genetic counseling</kwd><kwd>pathogenetic therapy</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Гентингтона</kwd><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd><kwd>мутация</kwd><kwd>тринуклеотидные CAG-повторы</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>хорея</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>медико-генетическое консультирование</kwd><kwd>патогенетическая терапия</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Huntington G. On Chorea. Med. Surg. 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