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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Sphere of culture</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sphere of culture</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сфера культуры</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2713-301X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education - Samara State Institute of Cultur</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">642691</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48164/2713-301X_2024_18_124</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Book Culture</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Книжная культура</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A National Library as a Type: Territorial Peculiarities of Emergence, Historical Formst</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Национальная библиотека как вид: территориальные особенности возникновения, исторические формы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveev</surname><given-names>Mikhail Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеев</surname><given-names>Михаил Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, leading researcher at the Department of the History of Librarianship</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор педагогических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Отдела истории библиотечного дела</p></bio><email>matveev@nlr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian National Library</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская национальная библиотека</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>124</fpage><lpage>136</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-08"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-12-08"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Matveev M.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Матвеев М.Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Matveev M.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Матвеев М.Ю.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2713-301X/article/view/642691">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2713-301X/article/view/642691</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The reasons for the emergence of national libraries and the factors that influenced their formation and development were individual in each case. The article provides information on the origin and characteristic features of institutions of this type founded in different countries of the world (Russia, the UK, Germany, the USA, etc.). Using the cognitive potential of the classification method, the author analyzes the specifics of national libraries, their institutional and functional differences. The main libraries of different countries were initially formed as public, parliamentary, university and museum ones, which left its own unique imprint on their acquisition policy, the composition of funds and the target audience of their service.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Причины возникновения национальных библиотек и факторы, влиявшие на их становление и развитие, были индивидуальны в каждом конкретном случае. В статье приводится информация о происхождении и характерных особенностях учреждений данного вида, основанных в различных странах мира (Россия, Великобритания, Германия, США и др.). Автор анализирует специфику национальных библиотек, их институциональные и функциональные различия, используя когнитивный потенциал метода классификации. Главные библиотеки государств изначально формировались как публичные, парламентские, университетские и музейные, что наложило свой неповторимый отпечаток на политику комплектования, состав фондов и целевую аудиторию обслуживания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>history of librarianship</kwd><kwd>reasons for the emergence of national libraries</kwd><kwd>ways to open national libraries</kwd><kwd>library policy</kwd><kwd>functions of national libraries</kwd><kwd>image of libraries</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история библиотечного дела</kwd><kwd>причины возникновения национальных библиотек</kwd><kwd>способы открытия национальных библиотек</kwd><kwd>библиотечная политика</kwd><kwd>функции национальных библиотек</kwd><kwd>имидж библиотек</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wedgeworth, R. 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