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Vol 5, No 1 (2026)
Theory and history law
Law in a modern technological society
Abstract
Modern society is characterized, in particular, by the expansion of technological innovations that are being introduced into almost all areas of social life. However, the introduction of technological processes ignores the moral constants of social development, which should prevail in any endeavor, especially in social planning. The thoughtless but systematic inclusion of generative models in vital processes of social development, such as medicine, law, and finance, is particularly alarming. Despite the warnings of the concerned researchers, the process is ongoing, following the unforgettable example of one of our country’s leaders. However, technological models are not immune to errors, which are particularly dangerous in the absence of human efforts based on reason. In particular, the law can stop such expansion or at least make it less dangerous for society, but in its current state, it is unable to effectively counter the attack on technological models supported by government leaders. This article proposes options for regulating technological expansion.
11-19
Public law (state law)
Limited interdependence of the system of constitutional restrictions on personal rights and freedoms
Abstract
The article demonstrates a new approach to the conceptual understanding of the constitutional limitation of individual rights and freedoms. This approach is based on the establishment of a restrictive interdependence between three elements: the natural limits of the law, immanent limitations, and classical variants of the law. The application and consideration of this approach allows for a different perspective on the interpretation of the human rights limitation of individual rights and freedoms and the determination of its specific features.
20-26
Legal mechanisms for regulating the project development of transport infrastructure in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation
Abstract
The article examines public law approaches to regulating the development of transport infrastructure in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). It is noted that legal regulation of the development of the AZRF transport infrastructure is focused on state financing of seaports and airports, the creation of river-sea transport corridors of the Trans-Arctic Transport Corridor “Northern Sea Route”, the organization of northern delivery and Arctic transport and logistics hubs. The legal regime of the AZRF transport infrastructure facilities is studied using the method of legal analysis of regulatory and legal materials of the transport industry. Also, the methods of regulatory and comparative analysis of the relationship between legal, digital, technical and operational regulators of transport entrepreneurial activity in the AZRF are applied. An analysis of the provisions of strategic documents and investment-legal and technical-organizational regulations governing projects for the development of sea and air ports in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation demonstrates that they are aimed at integrating the transport and investment activities of single economic entities and integrated technological facilities within the Arctic Zone’s transport systems. This is reflected in federal laws on priority development areas in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation, on the protection and promotion of capital investment in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation, and elsewhere. Resolving these objectives will significantly improve the integration of interregional legal regulation for the development of Arctic transport infrastructure, ensuring, on this basis, comprehensive interaction between all Arctic Zone entities in achieving the shared goals of creating Arctic transport infrastructure. Constructive lobbying of state interests in supporting investment in the Arctic transport sector is noted.
27-33
Private law (civil)
The social bank account agreement as a special form of citizen support: Features and procedure for conclusion
Abstract
This article examines theoretical and practical issues related to the specifics of concluding, amending, and terminating a social bank account agreement. It is determined that its legal nature is similar to an adhesion agreement due to the parties’ inability to formulate its terms, and its termination is possible unilaterally at the initiative of the credit institution. The author proposes measures to improve legislation in this area of relations, which will not only achieve the desired balance of public and private interests but also identify mechanisms to ensure the ongoing protection of the rights of citizens receiving social support from the state.
34-40
Criminal law
A brief analysis of the conceptual provisions of foreign criminal policy
Abstract
This article examines the problem of combating criminal activity in modern society. The author analyzes the distinctive features of criminal policy pursued in individual Eurasian countries, whose experience could be adapted to Russia’s context. The article examines liberal ideas that have largely shaped the development of criminal policy in several European countries, as well as the criminal justice policies of China and Japan, which are based on national traditions.
41-49
“Brainstorming” of serial homicide investigation materials
Abstract
The author of the article states that the successful investigation of serial murders primarily depends on the timely establishment of the circumstances of the commission of two or more crimes of this type. The combination of criminal cases initiated in connection with these crimes, as well as operational and investigative proceedings, ensures that the maximum possible amount of procedural, operational, and other information is accumulated in one place. The formed information base significantly expands the operational base of further work in connection with the prospect of their productive use in the identification, search, and exposure of criminals. This is not only due to quantitative factors, but also a qualitative change in the structures of individual murder cases, the components of the investigated series. A positively tested means of analyzing these materials is the so-called “brainstorming” (“brain attack”). This is a form of collective discussion that takes place in the absence of information about the alleged serial killer in order to listen to and evaluate opinions about the versions. These versions are based on the materials of investigative and operational activities, as well as the methods and means of verifying them. “Brainstorming” or “brain attack” as a form of solving key issues in organizing and conducting an investigation into a series of murders as a result of a joint discussion by members of the investigative team should be considered as a necessary method for finding optimal ways to resolve unfavorable investigative situations. They should express their own (including differing) opinions on the substance and options for transforming them into favorable situations.
50-56
Conceptual problems of intentional guilt in the current criminal legislation of Russia (materia cogitationis)
Abstract
The article analyses the criminal legislation containing the definition of deliberate guilt; proves the existence of dialectical connection between the formula of deliberate guilt and the constructions of norms of the special part of the criminal law; argues the necessity of reforming the concept of deliberate guilt and introducing the categories of “premeditated intent” and “sudden intent” into the legislation; substantiates the social conditionality of establishing a stricter coordination of norms establishing responsibility for specific crimes.
57-62
Forensic expertise in the investigation of crimes under article 207.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Abstract
Among the goals of implementing the Information Society Development Strategy in the Russian Federation for 2017–2030, the tasks of ensuring citizens’ rights to objective, reliable, and safe information are particularly emphasized, as well as creating conditions to meet their needs for continuous development, obtaining high-quality and reliable information, acquiring new competencies, and broadening their horizons. The deliberate distortion of information about events and facts from various areas of state and society, which is presented exclusively in a negative light (and not only in connection with the participation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other law enforcement agencies in the special military operation in Donbass and Novorossiya), creates a false perception among the general public about the actual content and direction of their efforts, as well as the means and methods they use. Materials of investigative and judicial practice on criminal cases on crimes. provided for, including Article 207.7 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, testify to the sufficient prevalence of such actions, including the use of information and telecommunication technologies. According to the author, it is currently necessary to develop a more complete standard private methodology for the investigation of these crimes. The content of which is advisable to be presented in a special methodological manual. It should clearly state the information basis of this methodology, its structure in the form of complexes carried out in a situationally determined sequence of investigative, other procedural, and other actions not prohibited by law, carried out alternately during the pre-investigation verification of information about the signs of these crimes. at the initial and subsequent stages of their investigation. Taking into account the importance of forensic examinations in establishing the signs and proving the circumstances of their commission, as well as exposing the persons involved in them, each of the mentioned complexes should identify the types of examinations that are necessary for the particular investigative tasks to be solved as a result of their implementation. To the investigators. Prosecutors need to know this methodology both to ensure the comprehensiveness, completeness and objectivity of pre-trial proceedings in cases of crimes under consideration, so it is for evaluating its results.
63-71
International law
The role of international transport corridors in the formation of spaces of economic interaction between friendly countries
Abstract
This article analyzes the role of international transport corridors (ITC) in shaping spaces of economic interaction between friendly countries on the Eurasian border. The aim of the study is to clarify the conceptual framework of ITCs and demonstrate how the combination of infrastructure, procedures, and digital tools influences the stability and predictability of cross-border supply chains. The methodological framework includes a comparative legal analysis of documents from the Russian Federation and international organizations (UNECE/ESCAP), as well as a technical and economic decomposition of corridors by key components. It is shown that a fully functional ITC is formed as a system of four interdependent elements: physical infrastructure, logistics hubs, organizational and legal regimes, and digital solutions (including electronic transport documents and traceability tools). Special attention is given to the supranational mechanisms of the EAEU and the coordination potential of the SCO for aligning corridor initiatives and harmonizing procedures. It has been demonstrated that the effects of the ITC include reduced transaction costs at borders, increased corridor capacity, and increased route resilience to external shocks, provided investment and administration are coordinated. The results can be used in developing ITC development programs and drafting proposals for harmonizing procedures on Eurasian routes.
72-78
International legal aspects of asset tokenization in the context of integrating central bank digital currencies into settlement relations
Abstract
Objective. The purpose of the research is to analyze the international legal, economic, and technical aspects of asset tokenization, as well as to identify the role of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) in establishing a robust infrastructure for settlements involving tokenized assets. Results. The article identifies the key advantages of asset tokenization, including enhanced settlement efficiency, increased transparency, reduced costs, and broader access to investments. It also highlights associated risks: legal uncertainty, operational and cyber risks, and increased interconnectedness with the volatile crypto market. The necessity of integrating CBDCs into the tokenized asset ecosystem as a risk-free settlement asset is substantiated, ensuring instant and secure delivery-versus-payment (DvP) clearing. The core international legal principles of regulation (technological neutrality, investor protection, information disclosure) and infrastructural requirements, including the role of Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs), are analyzed. Asset tokenization, supported by CBDC settlement, represents a natural evolution of financial markets, leading to their globalization, increased inclusivity, and efficiency. The sustainable development of this field requires further harmonization of international legal norms, the development of reliable technological and depository infrastructure, as well as the active participation of the central banking community and supervisory authorities in creating a secure and interoperable ecosystem.
79-90
Lobbying issues in the legislation of the Republic of Armenia
Murder of a child in labor or by a woman giving birth in the context of the new Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia
Abstract
The new Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia, when regulating criminal liability for the murder of a newborn child by a mother, establishes a qualitatively different approach that best meets the adequate criminal law regulation of this type of privileged murder. In particular, the issue concerning the subject of this crime, which had previously been inconsistent in theory and law enforcement practice, was resolved, as a result of which the term “mother” was replaced by the terms “woman in labor” and “birthing woman”. The objective side of the crime, previously presented in an unnecessarily alternative way, has been tightened. Conclusions. The authors raise the question of the validity of the existence of the investigated corpus delicti among the privileged and propose a possible change in the form of excluding the murder of a child in labor or childbirth in a traumatic situation from the privileged composition.
91-96
Crimes committed in the reproductive sphere in the context of international criminal law and the legislation of the Republic of Armenia
Abstract
This article attempts to analyze crimes committed in the reproductive sphere in the light of the ratification by the Republic of Armenia of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The study has important theoretical and applied significance, as it outlines the main vectors for improving the criminal legislation of the Republic of Armenia and bringing it into line with the provisions of the Rome Statute of the ICC. Conclusions. The authors conclude that there is a need for legislative expansion of the concept and forms of reproductive violence in international criminal law and national legislation.
97-103