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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Geomorfologiâ i paleogeografiâ</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Geomorfologiâ i paleogeografiâ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Геоморфология и палеогеография</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2949-1789</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1797</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">660680</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2949178923010073</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Morphometric analysis of the large en- closed depression of the Southern East European plain</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфометрический анализ крупнозападинного рельефа на юге Восточно-Евро-пейской равнины</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konstantinov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Константинов</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>xenia.filippova@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>xenia.filippova@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Selezneva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селезнева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>xenia.filippova@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippova</surname><given-names>K. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппова</surname><given-names>К. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>xenia.filippova@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Geography RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт географии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики атмосферы имени А.М. Обухова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>54</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>111</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-22"><day>22</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2024-03-14"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2949-1789/article/view/660680">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2949-1789/article/view/660680</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of morphometric analysis based on the SRTM digital elevation model of large enclosed depressions (LEDs) of controversial origin, commonly found on the loess interfluves in the Northern Black Sea region, around the Sea of Azov, at the Western flanks of Caucus Mountains and in the Lower Don basin, are presented in the paper. We have registered 312 LEDs landforms. The morphometric characteristics of landforms vary from 0.4 to 216 km2 for area, from 1 to 21 m for depth, from 0.5 to 13.3 km for width, from 0.7 to 27.5 km for length, from 1 to 4 for elongation coefficient, and from 3.3 to 103.3 m a.s.l for height. The most common depressions have the following parameters: area – 2–4 km2; depth – 2–3 m; width – 1.0–1.5 km; length – 2.5–3.0 km; elongation coefficient – 1.2–1.4; height – 15–20 m a.s.l. There is a correlation between the area and depth of the depressions. The depressions' shape is mostly elongated, e. g. teardrop-shaped, eggshaped, elliptical, triangular, and rarely round. The sharp ends of the egg-shaped depressions always tend to point to the north, and the blunt ones – to the south. We grouped the depressions into seven restricted sites where the differences in size and other morphological features of the LEDs are very small. Within all sites, there is a high consistency of orientation of the long axes of the depressions. The largest depressions around the Sea of Azov and the Western flanks of Caucus Mountains are characterized by longitudinal ridges confined to western side of LEDs. Comparison analysis of sites demonstrated a fan-shaped pattern in changing of the long axes orientation from the NW in the Northern Black Sea region; to the East in the Azov Sea region; to the N in the Western flanks of Caucus Mountains; and the NE in the Central flanks of Caucus Mountains. A radial-centripetal pattern of the erosion network is observed across the territories where LEDs are distributed. Small erosive forms flowing into the center of depressions are represented by very flat and wide gullies and hollows with intermitted channel flow. Such morphological characteristics suggest the relict origin of the erosional forms and, as a result, indicates the pre-Holocene age of the depressions themselves. Morphological and geological data suggests that wind erosion was probably the main factor in the formation of LEDs.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>На основе цифровой модели рельефа SRTM произведен анализ морфометрических характеристик крупных замкнутых депрессий (крупных западин) проблематичного генезиса, распространенных на лёссовых междуречьях Северного Причерноморья, Приазовья, Западного Предкавказья и бассейна Нижнего Дона. Нами было зарегистрировано 312 таких форм. Установлено, что площадь западин изменяется от 0.4 до 216 км2, глубина от 1 до 21 м, ширина от 0.5 до 13.3 км, длина от 0.7 до 27.5 км, коэффициент удлиненности от 1 до 4, высота от 3.3 до 103.3 м над у. м. Наиболее часто встречаемые западины имеют следующие параметры: площадь – 2–4 км2; глубина – 2–3 м; ширина – 1.0–1.5 км; длина – 2.5–3.0 км; коэффициент удлиненности – 1.2–1.4; высота 15–20 м абс. Обнаружена корреляция между площадью и глубиной западин. Форма западин в основном удлиненная – каплевидная, яйцевидная, эллиптическая, треугольная, редко – круглая. “Острые” концы яйцевидных впадин всегда тяготеют к северному направлению, а “тупые” – к южному. Западины были сгруппированы нами по семи ограниченным ареалам, внутри которых эти формы отличаются небольшой спецификой размеров и морфологических черт. Внутри всех ареалов наблюдается высокая согласованность ориентировки длинных осей западин. Для самых крупных западин Приазовья и Предкавказья характерны продольные гряды, приуроченные к западному борту этих форм. При сравнении ареалов установлено веерообразное изменение направления длинных осей – от СЗ в Северном Причерноморье и Восточном Приазовье до С в Западном Предкавказье и СВ в Центральном Предкавказье. На территориях распространения западин наблюдается радиально-центростремительный рисунок эрозионной сети. Впадающие в западины малые эрозионные формы представлены очень пологими и широкими балками и ложбинами, которые лишены постоянного руслового стока. Такая морфология (отсутствие признаков молодой эрозии) говорит в пользу реликтовой природы эрозионных форм и, как следствие, указывает на доголоценовый возраст самих западин. Геолого-географические особенности распространения крупно-западинного рельефа в совокупности с морфологией западин позволяют предполагать дефляционную природу этого комплекса рельефа.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>loess plains</kwd><kwd>enclosed depressions</kwd><kwd>morphometric analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лёссовые равнины</kwd><kwd>морфометрический анализ рельефа</kwd><kwd>крупные западины</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РНФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">RSF</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>19-77-00103</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of RF</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>FMWS-2019-0008</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balaev L.G. and Tsarev P.V. 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