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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Geomorfologiâ i paleogeografiâ</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Geomorfologiâ i paleogeografiâ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Геоморфология и палеогеография</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2949-1789</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1797</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">682336</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2949178924040069</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FGTNSC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CATAFLUVIAL EVENTS IN THE QUATERNARY HISTORY  OF NORTHERN EURASIA</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КАТАФЛЮВИАЛЬНЫЕ СОБЫТИЯ В ЧЕТВЕРТИЧНОЙ ИСТОРИИ  СЕВЕРНОЙ ЕВРАЗИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Darhad paleolake and Darhad glacial Megafloods in the context of Catafluvial events in North Asia in the late Pleistocene</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Дархадское палеоозеро и Дархадские гляциальные суперпаводки в контексте Катафлювиальных событий Северной Азии в позднем плейстоцене</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arzhannikov</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аржанников</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sarzhan@crust.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arzhannikova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аржанникова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sarzhan@crust.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Braucher</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Броше</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="FR">France</country></address><email>sarzhan@crust.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт земной коры СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный центр научных исследований</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Centre européen de recherche et d’enseignement de géosciences de l’environnement (CEREGE)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Европейский центр исследований и преподавания в области геонаук об окружающей среде</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>55</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>110</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-03"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-03-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2949-1789/article/view/682336">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2949-1789/article/view/682336</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A set of geomorphological and geochronological studies was carried out aimed at determining the reasons for the formation of the periglacial Darhad paleolake and the age of the Darhad megafloods (glacial superflood). The main landforms and sedimentary strata from the Darhad Basin to the Western Sayan Ridge, formed in the zone of dynamic influence of the glacial superflood, are characterized. Based on analysis, satellite images, digital elevation model, mapping and reconstruction, new data were obtained on the conditions for the formation of the glacier dam in the valley of the Shishkhid-Gol. The confluence of the large glaciers Khara-Byarangiin-Gol and Ikh-Dzhams-Gol below the mouth of the Tengisiin-Gol formed a backwater of the Shishkhid-Gol with a height of 300 m. The presence of ancient coastlines up to an altitude of 1713 m in the immediate vicinity of the newly identified glacial dam indicates its dominant role in the formation of the Darhad paleolake. Within the Darhad Basin, as a result of an analysis of the absolute heights of the highest coastline of the Darhad paleolake, downward tectonic deformations were revealed over the last 18–23 ka with an amplitude of 27 m. As a result of field research and cosmogenic dating (¹⁰Be), the first dates were obtained for the exposure of boulders within four fields of gravel dunes, as well as an erratic boulder exposed within a bar in the valley of the Kaa-Khem. The age distribution of 14 samples showed a scatter of dates within the range of 38–18 ka, which have three peaks. Two of them correspond to two megafloods of 38–36 ka and 23–18 ka and one, intermediate, associated with intermittent exposure resulting from the impact of a second megaflood on boulder exposure within gravel dunes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Одними из экстремальных событий позднего плейстоцена в Северной Азии являются гидросферные катастрофы, связанные с прорывами и спусками ледниково-подпрудных озер. Комплексное изучение и выявление причинно-следственных связей формирования гляциальных суперпаводков (мегапаводков, мегафладов) и их рельефообразующей роли является одним из важных направлений палеогеографии. В рамках данной проблемы проведен комплекс геоморфологических и геохронологических исследований, направленный на определение причин формирования ледниково-подпрудного Дархадского палеоозера и возраста дархадских гляциальных суперпаводков. Охарактеризованы основные формы рельефа и осадочные толщи от Дархадской впадины до хребта Западный Саян, образованные в зоне динамического влияния суперпаводка. На основе анализа, космоснимков, цифровой модели рельефа, картирования и реконструкции получены новые данные об условиях формирования ледниковой дамбы в долине р. Шишхид-Гол. Слияние крупных ледников из долин рек Хара-Бярангийн-Гол и Их-Жамс-Гол ниже устья р. Тэнгисийн-Гол образовало подпор р. Шишхид-Гол высотой 300 м. Наличие древних береговых линий, имеющих абс. высоту до 1713 м, в непосредственной близости от вновь выделенной ледниковой плотины свидетельствует о ее доминирующей роли в образовании Дархадского палеоозера. В пределах Дархадской впадины, путем анализа абс. высот максимально высокой береговой линии Дархадского палеоозера, выявлены нисходящие тектонические движения за последние 18–23 тыс. л. с амплитудой 27 м. В результате полевых исследований и датирования по космогенному изотопу (¹⁰Be) получены первые даты по экспонированию валунов в пределах четырех полей гигантской ряби течения (ПГРТ), а также эрратического валуна в пределах бара в долине р. Каа-Хем. Распределение 14 образцов на временной шкале показало три пика дат в интервале 38–18 тыс. л. н. Два из них соответствуют двум суперпаводкам 38–36 тыс. л. и 23–18 тыс. л. и один, промежуточный, связан с прерывистым экспонированием в результате воздействия второго суперпаводка на экспозицию валунов в пределах ГРТ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Late Pleistocene glaciation</kwd><kwd>ice-dammed lake</kwd><kwd>giant current ripple</kwd><kwd>¹⁰Be cosmic-ray exposure dating</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>позднеплейстоценовое оледенение</kwd><kwd>ледниково-подпрудное озеро</kwd><kwd>гигантская рябь течения</kwd><kwd>датирование по космогенному изотопу (¹⁰Be)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд (проект)</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation (project)</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>22-17-00049</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arzhannikov S.G., Arzhannikova A.V. 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