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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Geomorfologiâ i paleogeografiâ</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Geomorfologiâ i paleogeografiâ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Геоморфология и палеогеография</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2949-1789</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1797</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">689274</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2949178925020017</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">GPONPU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theory of Geomorphology</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ГЕОМОРФОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Processes of formation of longitudinal profile of a river</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Процессы формирования продольного профиля реки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorchuk</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидорчук</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>fluvial05@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова, географический факультет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>56</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>185</fpage><lpage>196</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-14"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-14"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-09-04"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2949-1789/article/view/689274">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2949-1789/article/view/689274</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A general equation of vertical deformations of the longitudinal profile of a river channel is proposed. It describes the change in time of the altitudes of alluvial river bed due to the change in the flow’s transport capacity along the length of the flow; abrasion and erosion of bedrock of the river bottom; the effect of sediment supply from slopes, and the general change in heights in the river basin due to tectonic movements. These processes and effects are described by empirical mathematical functions that depend on time, longitudinal coordinate, hydraulic characteristics of the flow and conditions in the catchment area and on the territory. The components of the general equation and of the mathematical expressions of individual processes are considered and the main combinations of erosion, stability and accumulation conditions in the river channel are obtained.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Предложено общее уравнение вертикальных деформаций продольного профиля речного русла. Оно описывает изменение во времени отметки поверхности аллювиальной толщи: за счет изменения по длине потока его транспортирующей способности; истирания и эрозии коренных пород речного дна; эффект от поступления в русло наносов со склонов долин и водосборов и общего изменения высот и уклонов в речном бассейне за счет тектонических движений. Эти процессы и эффекты описываются эмпирическими математическими функциями, зависящими от времени, продольной координаты, морфологических и гидрологических характеристик (в первую очередь расхода воды, уклона и кривизны дна русла) и условий на водосборе и на территории. Рассмотрены компоненты общего уравнения и математических выражений для отдельных процессов-факторов и получены главные сочетания условий эрозии, стабильности и аккумуляции в русле реки.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vertical deformations of the river bed</kwd><kwd>mathematical model</kwd><kwd>alluvial layer</kwd><kwd>bedrock of the river</kwd><kwd>slope processes</kwd><kwd>tectonic movements</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вертикальные деформации речного русла</kwd><kwd>математическая модель</kwd><kwd>аллювиальная толща</kwd><kwd>коренное дно реки</kwd><kwd>склоновые процессы</kwd><kwd>тектонические движения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ananyan A.K. (1962) Forecasting the stable form of the longitudinal profile of the river. In: Rezul’taty kompleksnykh issledovanii po Sevanskoi probleme. Vol. 2. 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