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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Geomorfologiâ i paleogeografiâ</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Geomorfologiâ i paleogeografiâ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Геоморфология и палеогеография</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2949-1789</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1797</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">689295</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2949178925020108</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">GQIXZR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ГЕОМОРФОЛОГИЯ ГОР И ПРЕДГОРИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The loess-soil sequence of the Central Ciscaucasia: chronostratigraphy, composition, and sedimentation conditions during the late neopleistocene</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Лёссово-почвенные серии Центрального Предкавказья : хроностратиграфия, состав и условия осадконакопления в позднем неоплейстоцене</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nvsychev25@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konstantinov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Константинов</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nvsychev25@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nvsychev25@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Geography RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт географии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>56</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>323</fpage><lpage>340</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-14"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-14"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-09-04"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2949-1789/article/view/689295">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2949-1789/article/view/689295</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study presents the results of sedimentological investigation of the core recovered from from the Pervomayskaya-1 (Pm-1) borehole, which revealed the most complete structure of the upland loess-soil series (LSS) in the central Pre-Caucasus. The borehole reached a depth of 13.8 m. Luminescence dating for two samples from the core yielded ages of 62±3 and 102±7 thousand years, attributing the entire studied sequence to the Upper Neopleistocene. Lithostratigraphic units were identified based on macroscopic core examination and geochemical analyses. The Mezin pedocomplex (13.8–9.1 m, MIS 5) consisting of three paleosols was identified at the base of the section. Above it lies a horizon of Valdai loess (9.1–1.2 m, MIS 4–2) of substantial thickness with weak signs of interstadial pedogenesis in its middle part. The section is capped by a Holocene chernozem (1.2–0.0 m, MIS 1) showing signs of anthropogenic transformation in its upper profile. The LSS structure revealed in the Pm-1 core shows stratigraphic unity with previously dated reference sections and boreholes of the Pre-Caucasus LSS: Beglitsa (Bg), Vorontsovka-4 (V-4), Sladkaya Balka-1 (Sb-1), and Otkaznoye-20 (Ot-20). Moreover, the Pm-1 column fits within the main trend of increasing loess thickness and grain size from west to east across the Pre-Caucasus. For the Pm-1 and Ot-20 columns, consistent variations in magnetic susceptibility and grain size were identified. Using these consistent variations as chronostratigraphic markers allowed for a more detailed depth-age model for Pm-1. Based on this model, estimates of loess accumulation rates for the Late Neopleistocene and Holocene were calculated: maximum rates (15.9–17.5 cm/thousand years) correspond to the interval of 36–16 thousand years ago; elevated rates (11.4–12.5 cm/thousand years) align with the interval of 80–40 thousand years ago; low rates (9.1–10.4 cm/thousand years) were recorded in the interval of 128–81 thousand years ago; minimal rates (6.0–6.6 cm/thousand years) correspond to the interval of 13–5 thousand years ago. The intensity of loess accumulation in Pm-1 shows consistency with the most complete LSSs of Eastern Europe, as well as with the mineral dust concentration in Greenland ice core NGRIP.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В работе представлены результаты исследования керна скважины Первомайская-1 глубиной 13.8 м, вскрывшей наиболее полное строение верхней части плакорной лёссово-почвенной серии (ЛПС) Центрального Предкавказья. Для двух образцов из керна получены люминесцентные даты (62±3 и 102±7 тыс. л. н.), позволяющие отнести всю вскрытую толщу к верхнему неоплейстоцену. На основе макроскопического исследования керна и комплекса вещественных анализов произведено литостратиграфическое расчленение отложений. В основании разреза выявлен мезинский педокомплекс (13.8–9.1 м, MIS 5), состоящий из трех палеопочв; выше залегает мощный горизонт валдайского лёсса (9.1–1.2 м, MIS 4-2) со слабыми признаками интерстадиального почвообразования в средней части; венчает разрез голоценовый чернозем (1.2–0.0 м, MIS 1) с признаками техногенной трансформации верхней части профиля. Разрез обнаруживает сходство с ранее датированными опорными разрезами ЛПС Предкавказья: Беглица, Воронцовка-4, Сладкая Балка-1, Отказное-20 и вписывается в установленный ранее тренд роста мощности и крупности гранулометрического состава лёссов Предкавказья с запада на восток. По согласованным вариациям магнитной восприимчивости и гранулометрического состава проведена корреляция с детально датированным разрезом Отказное-20, и на этой основе выполнена детализация глубинно-возрастной модели разреза Первомайская-1. Полученная модель позволила сделать расчетные оценки темпов лёссонакопления для позднего неоплейстоцена и голоцена. Максимальные темпы (15.9–17.5 см/тыс. лет) отмечаются в интервале 36–16 тыс. л. н.; повышенные (11.4–12.5 см/тыс. лет) – 80–40 тыс. л. н.; низкие (9.1–10.4 см/тыс. лет) – 128–81 тыс. л. н.; минимальные (6.0–6.6 см/тыс. лет) – 13–5 тыс. л. н. Изменение интенсивности лёссонакопления во времени согласуется с наиболее полными плакорными ЛПС Восточной Европы, а также с концентрацией аэрозольных минеральных частиц в гренландском ледниковом керне NGRIP.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mineral dust</kwd><kwd>geological correlation</kwd><kwd>luminescence dating</kwd><kwd>age modeling</kwd><kwd>sedimentation rates</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>минеральная пыль</kwd><kwd>геологическая корреляция</kwd><kwd>люминесцентное датирование</kwd><kwd>возрастное моделирование</kwd><kwd>темпы осадконакопления</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>21-77-10104</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antoine P., Rousseau D.D., Moine O. et al. 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